Black radish, al.: Schwarzer Rettich; Ing.: black radish.
Root
The black radish is a herbaceous plant, generally biennial, of alternating and rough leaves to the tact. It has white flowers that are grouped in clusters. The petals are unguiculados, the androceo tetradínamo (6 estambres of which two are smaller). The fruit is one silícua swollen and spongy.
Origin
The black radish (that does not have to be confused with the rusticano radish, (Cochlearia armoracia L.) it has been cultivated for thousands of years. From uncertain origin, it can descend from the wild radish (R. raphanistrum L.) that one is from the Atlantic to the Volga.
Chemical composition
The analysis of the composition by this eatable root has called little the attention of the investigators. Its fiber content is important. This fiber goes accompanied of glúcidos, amino acids and vitamins.
The characteristic elements are sulphured compounds: glucosinolatos. These heterósidos molecules, still called "sulphured", are aniónicos compounds heterosídicos people in charge of the strong scent who give off the near Brasicáceas and other 575.576 families [ ]. The main compound is the glucosinolato metil 3-indolil, classically denominated "glucobrasicina". Unstable molecule that is degraded in isotiocianato of 3-metil-indol by an enzyme that always is present in this type of plants: tioglucósido glucohidrolasa [ 576.577 ]. The presence, after hydrolysis, of isotiocianato of E-4-metiltio-3-butenil indicates that [ 578 exists another glucosinolato in the drug ]. Also the sulforafeno and the isotiocianato of alilo coming from the degradation of the glucorafanina and sinigrósido [ 578 are mentioned, 580 ]. One knows that, in certain conditions of pH, the glucosinolatos can give tiocianatos and that the isotiocianatos are susceptible to finish in nitrilos. It does not seem that these secondary reactions have been, in the case of the black radish, object of particular investigations.
Farmacológicos data
Of all the virtues that the tradition attributes to the black radish, only a small number of them has been object of farmacológicos studies.
• diurética Activity: The black radish is active to per you in rat. In addition it is observed in the same animal, after a treatment long play (6 weeks), a preventive activity moderate forehead to the increase as large as the urinary calculations implanted in vejiga [ 387 ].
• Activity to hepatobiliar: According to the bibliography, the black radish stimulates the biliary secretion and causes a moderate contraction of the vesicle, that facilitates the elimination of the remainders: [ 578.580 is spoken of "hepático drenante" ].
The sulphured volatile products coming from the degradation of the glucosinolatos are antibacterial in vitro in front of Staphylococcus aureus and other 581 germs [ ].
The glucosilonatos would be protective micronutrients of the injurious action of 582 the genotóxicos agents [ ].
Observations in the Man
The clinical studies are not very abundant. A test with that can stand out very good results with the black radish in cases of slow digestion were obtained, postprandial slowness, epigástrico hichamiento... [583 ].
Use
The drug is used in pulverized form, although also it is used in juice form extracted of the fresh drug, syrup, tinctures mother and of numerous dietetic preparations. These different preparations set out in case of "migrañas hepáticas", litiasis, colecistitis, digestive allergy... The homeopatía uses this drug very frequently. The cosmetología uses it in hair products due to the possible action of the sulphured components on the alopecia... The instability of the glucosilonatos creates the problem of the nature of the active principle and 578 the galénica form... [ ].
The drug
The root, very voluminous, can reach 50 cm in length. Dense, fleshy, fan, with furrows and rough, is white in the interior and black in the outside. The scent is strong and the sharp flavor. The identification of the drug begins by the characterization of sulphured compounds (lead sulfide formation) and the study by chromatography in fine layer of a etanólica dye (to reveal with nitrate of silver or iodine). A particular method for the quantitative study of the drug does not exist: it by means of chromatography in gaseous phase can be determined volatile products (after hydrolysis) and be analyzed. The colorimetría of the isotiocianatos is possible, but it does not consider the rest of products derived from the glucosinolatos.
Bibliography
[ 575 ] P.O. LARSEN
Glucosinolates. In: The biochemistry of plants, P.K. STUMPF and E.E. CONN., éds., London, Academic Press, vol 7, p. 501-525, 1981.
[ 576 ] J.E. RODMAN
Divergence, convergence, and paralelism in phytochemical characters: the glucosinolate-myrosinase system. In: Phytochemistry and angiosperm phylogeny, D.A. YOUNG and D.S. SEIGLER, éds., New York, Praeger, p. 43-79, 1981.
[ 577 ] A.P. WILKINSON, M.J.C. RHODES and R.G. FENWICK
Myrosinase activity of cruciferous vegetables
J. Sci. Food. Agric., 35, 543-552, 1984
[ 578 ] P. DELAVEAU Radis to noir
Act. Pharm., (204), 33-34, 1983.
[ 579 ] To KJÆR, J.Ø. MADSEN, And MAEDA, And OZAWA and And UDA
Volatiles in distillates of fresh radish of japanese and kenyan origin
Agric. Biol. Chem., 42, 1715-1721, 1978.
[ 580 ] J. LUTOMSKI and H. SPEICHERT
Schwarzrettich als Quelle to einiger Phytopharmaka
Pharmacie in unserer Zeit, 11, 151-155, 1982.
[ 387 ] And RÄcz-kottila, I. FORMANEK and G. RÄCZ
Action végétales diurétique ET of prévention of formation DES calculs urinaires of certaines préparations.
Plant Méd. Phytother., 7, 250-254, 1973.
[ 581 ] H. ESAKI and H. ONOZAKI
Antimicrobial action of pungent principles in radish root
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