Llantén greater or llantén common is a herbaceous plant with leaves grouped in rosette, with whole oval limb and peciolo that is high and mighty in the base. The flowers, of membranosos chalice and corola, are grouped in cylindrical, tight ears, extended. The other species are different by the morphology of the leaves, as well as by the length and aspect of the florífero axis.
Origin
The two mentioned species are very common in all Europe and North Africa (lanceolata Plantago), as well as in western Asia. It grows mainly in calcáreos lands, prairies and on the brink of madness the ways.
Chemical composition
The leaf of major Plantago contains sugars, plans of alkaloids and iridoides that also are in the 699 flowers [ ], flavonoides and acids fenoles. Also several osídicos esters of caféico acid have been described: acteósido (verbascósido) and plantamósido (= plantamajósido [ 700 ]) whose distribution varies depending on the 701 subspecies [ ]. The seed contains mucílagos and 702 lipids [ ]. Lanceolata the Plantago subspecies has a similar composition: iridoides (aucubósido, catalpol, asperulósido) [ 703 ], flavonoides (7-glucosil-apigenol, escutelareína), tannins, triterpenos, acids fenoles, loliólido... and mucílago acid that includes/understands several 704 polisacarídicas fractions [ ].
Llantén of Asia - often, considered as an Asian variety of P. Major- also contains iridoides (aucubósido and derived) [ 705 ]. The polisacárido one of the seeds of this variety is made up of a skeleton of xylose (ß1?4) to which are united in 3 706 arabinogalacturónicos or rabinoglucurónicos rest [ ]. The seed also contains several flavonoides and acteósido.
Farmacológicos data
The species of llantén have a broncodilatadora activity, verified in coberry [ 707 ]. Aucubósido and the other iridoides are known by their 678 antimicrobial properties [ ]. The same it happens with the verbascósido one, that he is bacteriostático (0.5 mg/ml) as opposed to Clostridium sporogenes [ 708 ], and with other osídicos esters of caféico acid that present/display toxic properties forehead to fitopatógenos microorganisms - bacteria and 709 fungi [ ]. Also one has demonstrated that the verbascósido one, inhibiting of lipoxigenasa of the leukocytes, diminishes the formation of leucotrieno B4, implied like the other leucotrienos in 710 the allergic and inflammatory affections [ ]. The hydrophilic mucílagos present/display, by external route, a suavizante action. Has been demonstrated that the watery extract has interest in the man, in case of 707 bronchitis [ ].
Use
In popular medicine, lantenes is antiinflammatory in external use: ocular cataplasms, baths, garglings (traqueítis, faringitis, conjuntivitis, blefaritis). The leaves can be used as antipruriginoso and suavizante in the specialties with plants indicated in the complementary treatment of the dermatológicas affections. In some European countries, llantén and prepared his are used in the treatment of affections of the respiratory routes (bronchitis, traqueítis, allergic manifestations, etc...). The Eastern medicine uses P. Asia'tica in case of bronchitis, cough, fever, conjuntivitis and in diverse renales affections. The tests of acute and subacute toxicity have demonstrated that the criomolturada leaf does not cause any toxic manifestation in rat, (2 g/kg, 300 and 900 mg/kg/día, to per you) [ 712 ].
In Spain the use of this plant for the benign acute affections of the bronchi is authorized. Treatment of infections of urinary routes.
The drug
The major Plantago has an underground short stem on which a rosette of leaves of made oval limb, 6-8 cm in length and 4-5 cm wide rises, which it is narrowed abruptly in peciolo winged. The limb is wide, almost glabro, whole number or with the edges slightly winding and indented. It presents/displays of 5 to 11 marked, bent nerves, nongraft that converge towards the end of the leaf. The valuation of the iridoides in the drug and prepared his can be made by means of 711 H.P.L.C. [ ].
Bibliography
[ 699 ] D. GRÖGER ET P. SIMCHEN
Zur Kenntnis to iridoider Pflanzenstoffe
Pharmazie, 22, 315-321, 1967.
[ 700 ] H. RAVN and L. BRIMER
Antibacterial Structure and activity of plantamajoside, to caffeic
acid to sugar to ester from major major Plantago subsp.
Phytochemistry, 27, 3433-3437, 1988.
[ 701 ] C. ANDARY, M.E. Motte-florac, To GARGADENNEC, R.
WYLDE and To HEITZ
Them esters caféiques du genre Plantago. Identification ET valeur
chimiotaxonomique
Plant Méd. Phytothér., 22, 17-22, 1988.
[ 702 ] M.S. AHMAD, M.U. AHMAD and S.M. OSMAN
To new hydroxyolefinic acid from oil major Plantago seed
Phytochemistry, 19, 2137-2139, 1980.
[ 703 ] To BIANCO, M. GUISO, P. PASSACANTILLI and To Frances-
CONI
Iridoid and phenylpropanoid glycosides from new sources
J. Nat. Prod., 47, 901-902, 1984;
[ 704 ] M. BRÄUTIGAM and G. FRANZ
Structural features of lanceolata Plantago mucilage
It plants Med., 51, 293-297, 1985; to also see: you go, Schleim-
polysaccharide aus Spitwegerichblättern, Dtsch. Apoth.-Ztg.,
125, 58-62, 1985.
[ 705 ] H. OSHIO and H. INOUYE
Two new iridoid glucosides of asiatica Plantago
It plants Med., 44, 204-206, 1982.
[ 706 ] M. TOMODA, N. SHIMIZU, K. SHIMADA, R. GONDA and H.
SAKABE
Plant mucilages XXXIV. The location of O-acetyl groups and
the structural features of Plantago mucilage To, the mucous poly-
saccharide from the seeds of asiatica major Plantago var..
Chem. Pharm. Bull., 32, 2182-2186, 1984
[ 707 ] To KOICHEV, M. MARKOV and I. ANGELOVA.
Clinical Pharmacologic study of to preparation from Plantago
major
Probl. Pneumol. Ftiziatr., 10, 68-74, 1982; (in Russian, summary in
English).
[ 678 ] K. ISHIGURO, M. YAMAKI and S. TAMAGI
Studies on the iridoid related compounds. I. On the antimicro-
bial activity of aucubigenin and certain iridoid aglycones
Yakugaku Zasshi, 102, 755-759, 1982.
[ 708 ] L. DEBRAUWER, C. MAILLARD, To BABADJAMIAN, And Vi-
Dal-ollivier, M. LAGET, G. SALMONA and Z. Afzal-raffi
Chemical Study in the constituents of Plantago cynops L. and
antibacterial avaluation of verbascoside
Pharm. Helv. act, 6, 184-187, 1989.
[ 709 ] H. RAVN, C. ANDARY, G. KOVACS and P. MDLGAARD
Caffeic acid esters ace in vitro inhibitors of plant pathogenic bac-
teria and fungi.
Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 17, 175-184, 1989; to also see: And Sho-
YAMA, M. MATSUMOTO ET I. NISHIOKA, Four caffeoyl glyco-
sides from callus tissue of glutinous Rehmannia, Phytoche-
mistry, 25, 1633-1636, 1986.
[ 710 ] And KIMURA, H. OKUDA, S. NISHIBE and S. ARICHI
Effects of caffeoylglycosides on arachidonate metabolism in
leukocytes
It plants Med., 53, 148-153, 1987; on the other properties
farmacológicas of esters of cafeico acid to consult: C.
ANDARY, Activité pharmacologique of certains esters of l'aci-
of 3,4-dihydroxycinnamique, Bull. Liason, Groupe polyphe ' -
nols, 11, 544-553, 1982.
[ 711 ] H. MIETHING, W. HOLZ and R. HÄNSEL
HPLC-Gehaltsbestimmung von Aucubin in Drugs und Zube-
they reitungen
Pharm. Ztg., 131, 746-747, 1986.
[ 712 ] Llantén, to docier toxicológico of Laboratories ARKOPHARMA.
Diseases in whose treatment this plant is adapted
Rinitis
Sinusitis
Asthma
ProductosList of Products of HIPERnatural.COM with :
Productos
Add to Favorite
