This shrub similar to a hazel has winding and graft branches that present/display in the base, winding and indented made oval, asymmetric leaves in the edges of the limb. The flowers, grouped in ramilletes axillary, are tetrámeras: 4S+4P+Ê (fértiles)+Ê (escamas)+2C.
Origin
It is very common in the forests of the east of the North American continent (Quebec, the northeast of the United States and from Virginia to Florida), where also it is cultivated with ornamentales aims like in Europe. The leaves and the crust of the stems are collected.
Chemical composition
Most of the made fitoquímicos works they are old. It is possible to be observed the presence of a small amount of essential oil (hexenal, acetaldehido, iononas, alcohol, fenoles...) and the one of phenolic compounds: flavonoides (glucósidos of flavonoles), 253 acids fenoles [ ] and tannins.
•Taninos. Its content can reach 10%. The hamamelitanino presence - digaloil hamamelosa- before discussed [ 254 ] has been confirmed by means of H.P.L.C. that in addition demonstrates that the drug contains free gálico acid [ 255 ]. The main components of the hidroalcohólicos extracts of hamamelis are condensed tannins: proantocianidoles. Five molecules of this group have been detected, one is procianidol (ej.: a oligómero of catecol), the rest could be oligómeros compounds of catecol and galocatecol: their 255 oxidating hydrolysis provides cianidol and delfinidol [ ]. These same results already had obtained with the crust [ 256 ]. Still one does not know the nature and the configuration of the connections. In addition to proantocianidoles, the crust of hamamelis contains hamamelitanino (more abundant than in the leaves) and galatos of catecol and its estereoisómeros.
Farmacológicos data
The drug has provoked a limited number of experimental works. The atomized one of the hidroalcohólico extract is bacteriostático, mainly on Gram germs (-) [ 253 ]. Also, the extract is molusquicida [ 257 ]. The dye of hamamelis (300 mg/l intraaortic, rabbit) is able to quickly diminish and of important form the perfusión flow, that is translated in 258 a vasoconstrictor effect [ ]. Delaveau affirms that, in the dog, the watery extract injected by via i.v. reduces the diuresis, relaxes smooth fibers of the intestine and diminishes 259 the cardiac contractibilidad [ ].
Observations in the Man
The works in this field are little. The gaseous pletismografía sample that the mixture of extract of hamamelis, hidrastis and chestnut tree of Indians, absorbed to very high doses, causes an increase of the venous tone in 260 the varicose subjects [ ]. In the field of the cosmetología, it has been demonstrated by means of cutaneous termometría that the local application of the extract of leaves causes a which had temperature drop, probably, to a local vasoconstricción [ 261 ].
Use
The drug seems to be lacking of toxicity: the DL50 of the tánica fraction to per cannot be determined to you in rat. Chronic toxicity has not been detected (100 mg/kg/día, 3 months). As in the case of other oligómeros rich drugs in procianidoles (ej. ratania [ 262 ]) or in gálicos tannins, the leaves of hamamelis are used in form of extracts and the traditionally indicated fitoterapéuticas preparations in the hemorroidal sintomatología and the treatment of the subjective manifestations of the venous insufficiency.
In Spain the use of this plant for the treatment of varices is authorized, tired hemorroides, flebitis, legs, venous insufficiency and too abundant rule.
The drug
The leaf of hamamelis is short peciolada. The limb, green kills or often reddish, he is clearly asymmetric in the base and slightly indented in the edges. The examination to the microscope of a cross section shows grouped unicellular tectores hairs in groups of 4-12, that are located, in the inferior face, in the proximities of the nerves. Parénquima presents/displays a weave layer in fence and is only filled with little graft escleritos. The C.C.F. of the extract (ethanol 60%) shows spots corresponding to gálico acid and quercetol. The H.P.L.C. allows to a quantitative analysis of the set of tannins [ 255, to also see on the valuation of the hamamelitanino: 263].
Bibliography
[ 253 ] P. BERNARD
Them feuilles d'hamamélis
Plant Méd Phytother., 11, 184-188, 1977.
[ 254 ] H. FRIEDRICH and N. KRÜGER
Neue Untersuchungen to über gives Hamamelis-Gerbstoff. II. Der Gerbstoff der Blätter von virginiana H.
It plants Med., 26, 327-332, 1974
[ 255 ] B. VENNAT, H. POURRAT, M.P. POUGET, D. GROSS and To POURRAT
Tannins from virginiana Hamamelis: identification of proanthocyanidins and hamamelitannin. Quantification in leaf, bark, and stem extract.
It plants Med., 54, 454-457, 1988.
[ 256 ] H. FRIEDRICH and N. KRÜGER
Neue Untersuchungen to über gives Hamamelis-Gerbstoff. I. Der Gerbstoff der Rinde von virginiana H.
It plants Med., 25, 138-148, 1974.
[ 257 ] D. SCHAUFELBERGER and K. HOSTETTMANN
Molluscicidal On the activity of tannin containing plants Planta Med., 48, 105-107, 1983.
[ 258 ] P. BERNARD, P. BALANSARD, G. BALANSARD and To BOVIS
Valeur pharmacodynamique toniveineuse DES préparations galéniques à bases of feuilles d'hamamélis
J. Pharm. Belg., 27, 505-512, 1972.
[ 259 ] P. DELAVEAU Hamamelis
virginiana (Hamamelidacées)
Act. Pharm., (163), 41-42, 1980.
[ 260 ] R.J. ROYER and J.L. SCHMIDT
Intérêt of the pléthysmographie gazeuse pour l'appréciation DES effects "veinotropes" DES médicaments. Etude DES effets DES oligomères procyanidoliques
Semaine DES Hôpitaux, Paris, 57, 2009-2013, 1981.
[ 261 ] A.M. DIEMUNSCH and C. MATHIS
Effet vasoconstricteur of l´Hamamélis in application externe
S.T.P. Pharm., 3, 111-114, 1987
[ 262 ] And SCHOLZ and H. RIMPLER
Proanthocyanidins from Krameria triandra
It plants Med., 55, 379-384, 1989.
[ 263 ] B. VENNAT, M.P. POUGET, D. GROSS and To POURRAT
Préparations galéniques à bases d'extraits brown d'hamamélis ET of d'inde: dosage simultané of l'hamamélitanin ET of l'esculoside
J. Pharm. Belg., 44, 285-291, 1989.
Diseases in whose treatment this plant is adapted
Venous Iinsuficiencia
Varices
Hemorroides
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