Well-known only from century xvl1, not references have of uses of digitalis to one hundred years later, when in 1776 the British naturalist William Whitering analyzed an infusion that used a old one to cure an affection cardiac, and deduced that the curativas properties had to our plant. Nine years later, 1785, one became the asked for drug more in England like regulator of the activity cardiac. At that time it received the names of "opium of the heart" and "Peruvian bark of the heart".
CHARACTERISTICS: Herbaceous plant, that lives two years (sometimes more). The first year produces a rosette of simple, whole leaves, that they extend on the ground. Of his center one rises, during the second year, a stem of a meter of height, but that can reach up to two, with alternating leaves, of variable form, wider or narrower, but made oval, without pecíolo the superior ones. The stem culminates with an ear of precious you cry snaped like a bwll, hanging, with aspect of thimble, red, with small bordered black spots of target in the inner part of the bell. Estambres, that excels, remembers bell clappers. The fruit is a capsule that is opened upwards and contained very many seeds. It is also known him like guantelete, dedalera, glove of Our Lady, glove of the Virgin.
LOCATION: It lives in the mountainous zones of Europe, rich silíceos mineral lands, specially iron and magnesium, of places noncultivated. From the wild stocks it has been possible to adapt his growth in controlled cultures, in nonmountainous zones of Europe and even of America.
MEDICINAL PROPERTIES: It acts on the circulatory apparatus, diminishing the cardiac activity when the heart is overexcited (tachycardia); but to overdoses, instead of restraining the heart rate the opposite action occurs, that is to say, still more is accelerated. On the blood vessels, it elevates the arterial pressure, but like it happens with the heart, when increasing the dose takes place the opposite effect. Also it exerts a slight diurética action.
HARVESTING: Although the leaves can cut at any time, the recommendable time is during the flowering, in summer, and are preferable inferior and the youngest ones, but always considering the cycle of production and destruction of the digitalina, that is to say, that the leaves will have to be cut in the evening, before the putting of the Sun, that is when the concentration of the drug is Maxima.
USES And APPLICATIONS: The digitalis is applied to regulate the cardiac cycles and the pressure that exerts the blood on the glasses (sanguineous tension) and, as a result of the control of the sanguineous circulation in the kidneys, to regulate the elimination of tinkles. Nevertheless, its homemade use is extremely dangerous, since there is to fit the dose in agreement of the wished effect and these can be different in each individual.
Their names relative to Jesus Christ or the Virgin only want to remember to us that the digitalis saved of the death to those who, ill of the heart, they did not have left but that to say; for them, the discovery of the properties of the digitalis went like a prize to its plegarias. Nevertheless, if it is not used in the suitable doses, it can be transformed into a deadly poison.
The content in digitalina of the digitalis increases while the Sun shines, reaching a maximum progressively before the twilight.
One of the main applications of the digitalina is its action on the circulatory apparatus, calming the tachycardia and elevating the arterial tension.
Used Part: The leaves.
Active Principles: Heterósidos cardiotónicos (0,30%) derived from the digitoxigenina (digitoxina and others), and from the gitoxigenina and gitaloxigenina (gitoxina, etc.). Flavonoides. Saponósidos.
Farmacológica Action: Cardiotónica action, which had the heterósidos ones: it increases the contractibilidad cardiac and it diminishes the excitabilidad, conductivity and rate. Diurética, action favored by the flavonoides.
Indications: Cardiac insufficiency.
Contraindications: Treatment with other cardiotónicos, antraquinónicos quinidina and laxatives.
Precaution/Poisonings
The digoxina is of renal elimination, whereas the digitoxina is eliminated by hepática route (for that reason it will be necessary to specially fit the doses in patients with renal or hepática insufficiency): if the elimination enlentece, appears toxic symptoms by accumulation: gastroenteritis, migraine, somnolencia, pains in the extremities, dérmicas eruptions, eosinofilia, ginecomastia, confusion, aphasia, delirium. The poisoning cause takes place by ingestion of overdoses, variations in the absorption, the diminution of consequent potassium to the administration of antraquinónicos laxatives or diuréticos potassium eliminators, by hiperpotasemia, by elevation of calcemia, diminution of magnesemia, paratiroidea disease or by a hipertiroidismo. For that reason it is necessary to know renal, hepático, tiroideo and electrolytic the state of the patient, before prescribing digitálicos.
Very toxic drug, with little therapeutic margin, being able to produce with facility exageración or investment of the wished effects.
By the remarkable differences as far as composition and activity of the drug, depending on the used plant, the farmacopeas have adopted the use of the semisynthetic digitálicos, with the advantage to have a more predictable effect, facilitating their metering and reducing the possibility of undesirable effects.
Galénicas Forms/Dosage
The therapeutic level of digoxina in blood is of 1-2 nanogramos/ml.
The oral absorption of metildigoxina is practically of the 100%, as opposed to 75% of the digoxina, with which actually 0.1 mg of metildigoxina is equivalent to 0.125 mg of digoxina.
We recommended to prescribe the standardized heterósidos ones semisynthetic (digoxina, digitoxina, acetildigitoxina, metildigoxina or lanatósido farmacopeas C.s Consultar and forms to the use.
Exclusive use by prescription and under specialized medical checkup.
Bibliography
Benigni, R; Capra, C; Cattorini, P. Piante Medicinali. Chimica, Farmacologia and Terapia. Milano: Inverni & Della Beffa, 1962, pp. 430-3.
Bézanger-Beauquesne, L; Pinkas, M; Torck, M. You plant dans to Them the Therapeutique Moderne. 2ª. Paris: Maloine, 1986, pp. 189-90.
Bézanger-Beauquesne, L; Pinkas, M; Torck, M; Trotin, F. Plantes Médicinales DES Regions Tempérées. Paris: Maloine, 1980, pp.55; 299-300; 303.
D'Arcy, PF. Adver reactions and interactions with herbal medicine. Part II. Drug ineractions. Adver Drug React Toxicol Rev, 1993; 12 (3): 147-162.
James, A; Duke, Ph D. Handbook of Medicinal Herbs. 5ª. Mouth Mouse, Florida: CRC Press, 1987, pp.166-7; 519; 554.
Fernandez, M; Grandson, To Plantas Medicinal. Pamplona: Editions University of Navarre, 1982, pp. 72; 227.
It ballast, JJ; Bachelor, LI. Medicinal plants in Asturias and the Cantabrian Cornice. Gijón: Trea editions, 1997, pp. 124-5.
Mulet, L. toxic Flora of the Valencian Community. Castellón: Provincial delegation, 1997, pp. 165-8.
Paris, RR; Moyse, M. Précis de Matière Médicale. Take III. Paris: Masson, 1971, pp. 209-35.
Peris, JB; Stübing, G; Vanaclocha, B. Applied Fitoterapia. Valencia: M.I. Official school of Phamacists, 1995, pp. 251-2.
Real Spanish Farmacopea. Madrid: Ministry of Health and Consumption, 1997, pp. 796-7.
Samuelsson, G. Drugs of Natural Origin. To Textbook of Pharmacognosy. Stockholm: Swedish Pharmaceutical Press, 1992, pp. 183; 184.
Simón, R. Gui'a de Farmacologi'a for Phamacists and Doctors. Madrid: To Madrid Vicente, 1993, p. 93-5.
Productos
Add to Favorite
