Tail of horse, smaller Equiseto, Tail of rat; al.: Schanchtelhalm; ingl.: horse-tail
Sterile aerial part
The sterile stems, of green color, appear after the fertile stems. The stem is hollow and presents/displays deep striae, the secondary, quadrangular branches, are compact and they are arranged in verticilos. The leaves, welded, form a case to foliar of 6-12 teeth with the extremity of black color.
Origin
Pertaining to a family who knew an intense development in the secondary era, the Equisetum sort is cosmopolitan. The ten of species catalogued in France grows in even rich muddy humid grounds in clay and silica: ditches, flooded edges of pools, lands.
Chemical composition
The drug does not contain specific compounds: it contains numerous alifáticos acids, a dicarboxílico acid of long chain, fenilpropánicos acids fenoles, esteroles [ 47 ], plans of 48 alkaloids [ ]. Several flavonoides have been described: monoglucósidos of quercetol and kenferol, diglucósidos of kenferol [ 50b, 61 ]. Some only seem to exist in the fertile stems: gosipitrina, protogenkwarina [ 49 ], 6-chlorine apigenol [ 50a ], having itself demonstrated to the existence of 58 chemical races [ ].
All the varieties have an extraordinary wealth in mineral substances (20% of the dry weight) particularly in potassium and 51 silicon [ ]. The silicon, majority, mainly appears in form of insoluble concretions opalinas, that are located in epidermis and colénquimas peripheral. For some authors, a fraction of silica appears in soluble form allowing to its active transport (it is not detected in 52 the underground parts) [ ]: hidrosolubles silicates or organic silicon? The organosilícicos complexes detected by some in diverse species have not been described in And arvense [ 53 ].
Farmacológicos data
The experimental results demonstrate a diurética action. The modifications of the hydric, sódica and potassium elimination stated in the 54 rat [ ], are not denied by the works of Valliere that show to the effects on urinary cations and a slight increase of 55 the hydric elimination [ ]. These data confirm the results of experiences old and mentioned habitually to justify this property, as well as the obtained ones, by the same one via but in animals previously exposed to a hydric overload [ to see Ortosifón, 56 ref ].
Officially, the property is recognized the drug "to favor the renal water elimination". In addition, the horse tail is remineralizante. It is known that the silicon is present under different forms, to level of constituent macro-molecules of the conjuntivo weave.
Some authors suppose that this element plays an important role in the structural organization of these [ 56 ]: it, numerous applications are come off, mainly in cosmetología. The silicon also is known by its antiateromatosas animal properties studied [ 59 ].
Observations in the Man
It does not seem that this drug has been object of tests in the habitual sense of the term. The "favorable results" talk about the bony affections, it is or not traumatismos. A study with clinical pursuit has demonstrated that the prolonged treatment increases phosphate and calcium the elimination, diminishes uricemia, but nevertheless, when increasing uricosuria, can facilitate the crystal appearance of 60 urato [ ].
Use
Although the toxicity is known the tail of horse for the herbíboros, in individual in the horse, seems to be that any case of poisoning in the man has not been described. The massive forage ingestion contaminated by the horses causes symptoms of type B1 vitamin deficiency: motor descoordinación, difficulty to stay On guard raised [ 57 ]. The antitiamina factor would be, like in Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn, glucósido of flavonol, in this case the gosipitrina [ 49 ].
The fitoterapia uses bakings, infusions and dust crimolido in case of bony fragility, cramps and like diurético. It agrees to discard near species like And palustre L., very toxic species.
Being based on its activity at level of the fibroblasts, the cosmetic one investigates the tail of caballlo for the cream formulation destined to prevent the wrinkles, striae, cellulitis.
In Spain the use of this plant like remineralizante is authorized. In growth stages. Fragile fall of the hair and nails. It facilitates the functions of elimination of the organism (diuréticas and digestive).
Precautions
Not to recommend in prolonged treatments to people with antecedents of renales calculations. To recommend not to take much salt and to notice that the gaseous drinks and the vegetables take salts that can make retain liquids. To people with stomach hypoacidity one is due to recommend to ingest it with acid foods simultaneously because the reabsorción of silicon is optimal in the middle acid.
The drug
The articulated stems of horse tail, hollows and in the knots, fluted vertically in the entrenudos, present/display, at level of each knot, concrescentes leaves in the base that form a case to foliar dentated. The cut of the stem shows one epidermis of silicificadas walls. The silica also impregnates to the colenquimatoso weave located in the ribs. Endodermis is common in all the wakes. The existence of an intercellular wall at level of the crests of epidermis allows to distinguish it of the rest of the species of this sort. The remainder obtained after in the middle acid extraction and purification by another in the middle alkaline reextracción does not have to provide no spot in the C.C.F. that can be revealed by the reagents of the alkaloids (contamination by And palustre). The liquid chromatography of hi-res of the flavonoides allows to detect the presence of other 61 species [ ].
Bibliography
[ 47 ] P.L. CHU, G.W. PATTERSON and T.A. SALT.
Sterol composition of pteriodophytes.
Phytochemistry, 27, 819-822, 1988.
[ 48 ] F. ROBLOT, F. Willemot-Zoe, To I DUG, N. LAIGLE and M.L. ABOUCHACRA.
L'équispermine, nouvel alcaloïde DES prêles.
Even Communication affiche, VIème international Colloque "You plant médicinales ET substances d'origine naturelle", Angers, 3-4 juin 1988.
[ 49 ] M. HAUTEVILLE, J. CHOPIN, H. GEIGER and L. SCHULER.
Protogenkwanin, to new flavonoid from arvense Equisyum L.
Tetrahedron, 37, 377-381, 1981.
[ 50 ] (a) And WOLLENWEBER and M. JAY. Flavones and flavonols. In: The flavonoids: advances in research, since 1980, J.B. HARBORNE. éd., London, Chapman ET Hall, p. 233-302, 1988.
(B) K.R. MARKHAM. Distribution of flavonoids in the to lower plants and its evolutionnary significance./Ibidem, p. 437-478.
[ 51 ] To Saint-Paul.
Composition élémentaire of quelques Equisetum médicinaux.
Plant Méd. Phytotér., 14, 73-82, 1980.
[ 52 ] J. LAROCHE.
Contribution à l'étude of arvense l'Equisetum L.
Thèse de Doctorat ès Sciences, Paris, 1968.
[ 53 ] To PEGGS and H. BOWEN.
Inability to detect organo-silicone compounds in Equisetum and Thuya.
Phytochemistry, 23, 1788-1789, 1984.
[ 54 ] I.L. FRANCK BAKKE and B. HILLESTAD.
The diuretic effect of arvense Equisetum in Rats
Medd. Norsk Farm. Selsk., 42, 9-14, 1980.
[ 55 ] J.P. VALLIERE.
Etude botanique ET chimique of arvense Equisetum L.
Recherche d'un effet diurétique
Thèse de Doctorat in Pharmacie, (Diplôme d'Etat), Toulouse, 1981
[ 56 ] J. VERNIN.
Him silicium organique.
Parfums Cosmet Arômes, (37), 63-67, 1981.
[ 57 ] C. Jean-blain and M. SGRISVARD.
Plant vénéneuses, toxicologie. Maison rustique, Paris, 1973.
[ 58 ] M. VEIT, f.-c CZYGAN, H. GEIGER and K.R. MARKHAM.
For Evidence the existence of two discrete chemotypes of arvense Equisetum.
It plants Med., 55, 214, 1989.
[ 59 ] J. LOEPER, J. Goy-loeper, L. ROZENSZTAJN yM. FRAGNY.
The antiatheromatous action of silicone.
Atherosclerosis, 33 397-408, 1979.
[ 60 ] O.L. TIKTINSKY ET Y.A. BABLUMYAN.
The therapeutic effect of tea Java and arvense Equisetum in patients with uratio diathesis.
Urol. Nephrol., 1, 47-50, 1983 (in russe, résumé in anglais).
[ 61 ] M. VEIT, f.-c CZYGAN, B. FRANK, D. HOFMANN and B. WORLICEK.
Schachtelhalmkraut reinheits - und identitätsuntersuchungen mit Hilfe to der HPLC.
Dtsch. Apoth.-Ztg., 129, 1591-1598, 1989.
Diseases in whose treatment this plant is adapted
Espasmos Nervous
Artrosis
Arthritis
Osteoporosis
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