This monoico tree of reddish gray crust characterizes itself by its small triangular leaves, opposed and intercrossed, closely overlapped in four rows in the branch: the young leaves at first are acicular, becoming quickly "cupresiformes".
Origin
Original of the regions bathed by the Aegean Sea, one is in all Mediterranean. In dry and deep grounds of the south of Europe their varieties are cultivated widely (forms sempervirens, it forms horizontalis...) and the near species with ornamentales aims.
Chemical composition
Not yet the composition of the different organs from the cypress is known with exactitude. Like all the species of the sort, C. sempervirens is characterized by the presence of bis-flavonoides in their branches: biflavonas 8-8´ (type cupresuflavona) and 8-3´ (type amentoflavona) [ 230 ]. Also, the branches provide a small amount of essential oil (0,3-0,8%) rich in hydrocarbons monoterpénicos (pinenos, I careen, canfeno, etc...) sesquiterpénicos and diterpénicos (sandaracopimaradieno, abietadieno, abietatrieno) accompanied by oxygenated derivatives (cedrol) [ 231.232 ]. The gálbulos of the cypress contain 234 233 diterpénicos acids [ ] and proantocianidoles [ ] to which they must his biological activity: dímeros and oligómeros of catecol and epicatecol.
Farmacológicos data
Few works exist that specifically are dedicated to the gálbulos of the cypress. One has demonstrated that fractions enriched in flavanólicos oligómeros inhibit the activities trípsica and a-quimotrípsica in vitro [ 235 ]. On a synthetic substratum, these same fractions inhibit (to the concentration of 0.05 mg/ml) 50% of the activity of elastasa pancreática of the pig: this inhibition could contribute to protect the conjuntivo weave of the effects of the enzymes that take part in their degradation [ 236 ]. The study of the diffusion of a colorante mg/kg of 236 flavanólicos oligómeros atóxicoen the rat demonstrates to the angioprotector power of 50 [ ]. More recently, it has been demonstrated that proantocianidoles is good inhibitors in vitro of the enzyme converter of angiotensina I and that, in alive, its prolonged administration entails a diminution of the vasoconstricción in the presence of this enzyme (rabbit, 5 mg/kg, i.v.) [ 237 ]. On the other hand, it has been demonstrated - with proantocianidólicos compounds of the same type that these compounds stabilize the colágeno by formation of connections with the same one.
Observations in the Man
The effectiveness of the cypress in the treatment of the venous diseases widely has been confirmed. One is significantly active in the functional upheavals of the circulatory insufficiency of the inferior members. A study randomizado with pulverized cypress as opposed to diosmina (flevotónico of reference), demonstrates clearly to the interest and the superiority of the vegetal drug. The considered criteria are: slowness of legs, pains, cramps and edemas, after 2 months of treatment with pulverized cypress, was observed a 80% of good results as opposed to obtained 53% with the reference product.
Use
Traditionally, the cypress is used in the treatment of the signs of venous insufficiency and the hemorroidal sintomatología. With this indication, it comprises of numerous specialties. The drug seems lacking of toxicity. A toxicológico study sample that the total dust does not cause any toxic manifestation in the animal: acute toxicity (2.5 g/kg) and subacute (500 and 1000 mg/kg/día) [ 239 ].
The drug
The fruitful cones, "gálbulos" calls are cleared and they are single or in groups of two. They are formed by grudges, fleshy and mucronatas in its center, that when lignificar itself acquires a yellowish gray color. When the grudges mature, they release its seeds. An analysis of the drug by means of C.C.F. of a dye can be made (to reveal with trichloride of antimony and anísico aldehyde).
Bibliography
[ 230 ] S. NATARAJAN, V.V.S. MURTI and T.R. SESHADRI
Biflavones of some Cupressaceae plants
Phytochemistry, 9, 575-579, 1970.
[ 231 ] J. GARNERO, P. BUIL, D. JOULAIN and R. TABACCHI
Contribution à l´étude of composition chimique of l´huile essentielle of rameaux of cyprès of Grasse.
Italian Rivista E.P.P.O.S., 60, 99-117, 1978
[ 232 ] R.M. CARMAN and M.D. SUTHERLAND
Cupressene and to other diterpenes of Cupressus species
Aust. J. Chem., 32, 1131-1142, 1979.
[ 233 ] P. BERNARD, P. SUSPLUGAS, G. BALANSARD and M. LALLEMAND
Séparation rapide DES acides diterpéniques contenus dans them galbules of cyprès, Cupressus sempervirens L., au moyen of the chromatographie eliminates préparative (Chromatospac prep. 100 Jobin Yvon).
Plant Méd. Phytother., 12, 137-143, 1978.
[ 234 ] P. DELAVEAU Cyprès,
Cupressus sempervirens L. (Cupressacées)
Act. Pharm., (230), 65-66, 1986.
[ 235 ] M. JONADET, TM MEUNIER, F. VILLIE, J. BASTIDE and P. BASTIDE
Catéchines ET oligomères flavanoliques DES Cupressus sempervirens, Inhibition DES activités trypsique ET a-chymotripsique in angiopretectrices vitro ET activités comparés in alive.
J. Pharmacol., 15, 546-547, 1984.
[ 236 ] J. JONADET, TM MEUNIER, F. VILLIE, J. BASTIDE and P. BASTIDE
Catéchines ET oligomères flavanoliques of Cupressus inhibitrices sempervirens L.s Activités vis-à-vis of l´élastase in angioprotectrices vitro ET activités comprarées in alive.
Ann. Pharm. Fr., 42, 161-167, 1984.
[ 237 ] TM. MEUNIER, F. VILLIE, M. JONADET, J. BASTIDE and P. BASTIDE
Inhibition of angiotensin I converting enzyme by flavanolic compounds: in vitro and in alive studies.
It plants Med., 53, 12-15, 1987.
[ 238 ] Étude clinique randomisée poudre totale of Cyprès contre Diosmine (not published). Documentation scientifique DES Laboratoires ARKOPHARMA.
[ 239 ] Cyprès, to dossier toxicologique. Travaux DES Laboratoires ARKOPHARMA.
Diseases in whose treatment this plant is adapted
Venous Iinsuficiencia
Varices
Hemorroides
Menopause
Dismenorrea
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