The artichoke is a herbaceous plant very next to the common thistle as far as morphology. In general it is considered that the alcachofera is a hortícola product born by experimentation of the man. As it plants, it returns to bring forth every year last the winter and less throws a rosette of great divided deeply segmented leaves although than those of the thistle and with less thorns.
These leaves have clear color green and are covered in very fine the inferior face with hebrillas white, which form like a spiderweb that emblanquece still more the color of the leaves. The stem is tree trunk, with few leaves, and in the stop they appear very great small heads that they are the artichokes, covered of numerous coriáceas brácteas.
It blooms in summer. Of the harvesting with nutritional aims they interest the small heads, but with medicinal aims it is preferred to gather the leaf; this tastes bitter characteristic, and very hard persistent. He is better to gather the leaves of the first year, since they are much more rich in active principles.
In the composition of the alcachofera we found phenolic acids like the cafeico, clorogénico and the cinarina, that is a mixture of two acids. Also there are flavonoides and some acids. The cinarina has coleréticas properties and colagogas, hepatoprotectoras and hipocolesterolemiantes. The artichokes, like pencas of the thistle, constitute an excellent food, mainly for the diabetics, since they contain inulina instead of fécula. The inulina is so much in the floral leaves as in the floral receiver and even in the tronchos that maintain them. In addition, the artichoke is hipoglucemiante, that is to say, that diminishes the amount of sugar in blood. A last discovery in relation to the leaf of the alcachofera talks about to the properties that this one has in the arterioescleróticos states, as well as in their preliminary phases. This must to its action on the metabolism of the aurea and the cholesterol. Also one says that the fleshy brácteas of the small heads, crude meals, have an inhibiting action on the acid secretion of the stomach; but this is about to still to study. In general specially it is indicated in: anorexy, dispepsias, hepáticos hepatitis and other problems; colelitiasis, oliguria and constipation. It is contraindicated during the lactancia, since the bitter principles that enter to comprise of their composition can happen to milk.
Juice of the leaves: This it is the recommended homemade remedy more. The juice of the fresh leaves of the alcachofera is extracted and it is mixed with sweetened water or it came, to mask the bitter flavor. With this juice the liver clears and the sugar is diminished of tinkles it of the diabetics.
Infusion: 10 are taken gr.. of fresh leaves and they are added to a liter of boiling water; from this infusion a cup can be taken before the main meals. If the infusion is going away to use like hepatoprotector, the amount of fresh leaves can be doubled. The bitterness can be masked with mint.
Fluid extract: Of 30 to 45 drops, two or three times to the day.
Hepatoprotector. Laxative. Diurético.
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