EPILEPSY

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	EPILEPSY
	*EPILEPSY*

EPILEPSY

Epilepsy

Disease that is characterized badly by massive unloadings of groups of neurons as a result of a cerebral operation.

The most frequent type is the Great denominated one Badly, characterized by uncontrollable attacks of movement:

The conscience of the individual is altered, loses the control of the sphincters (urinary and fecal) and follow one another periods of normality to the attacks, that can be very serious.

An attack originates in a zone or cerebral center that presents/displays abnormal electrical activity.

It affects 0.5% of the western population.

One begins generally before the 20 years of age.

Other types of epiléptico attack exist, less frequent, between which it is possible to emphasize:

the absences or Bad Petit, in which the patient loses the conscience during very brief periods of time

the Témporo-Parietales epilepsies, in which stereotyped hallucinations and movements or acts take place (always such, like twisting the hands elevating them on the head and lowering them towards the navel, reiterated times)

hipsarritmias, in which brief and continuous losses of the muscular tone take place.

Complications

Continuous attacks and mental deterioration.

Accidents caused by the attacks.

Prognosis

He is incurable, except when they are of secondary type and the cause is treatable (tumors, infection, etc.).

The anticonvulsivante medication and a healthy life, comes up with problems and allows to take an almost normal life.

Some types, like hipsarritmias, produce a fast and deep cognitivo deterioration; reason why they are of very bad prognosis.

Causes

Strangers in most of the cases, in the minuses must a:

Cerebral damage (postchildbirth, for example or accident).

Infection or cerebral tumor.

Subdural chronic Hematoma.

Vascular disease.

Degenerative disease of the nervous system.

Signs and symptoms

They exist:

Simple or complex partial attacks: Témporo-Parietal Epilepsy.

Generalized attacks; that they include:

Attacks of absence: petit badly.

Happens only until the 20 years, soon usually they disappear.

The patient stops all activity during 30 second and soon she resumes it.

Usually one repeats several times to the day.

Mioclónicos attacks or of muscles. Inevitable contractions of muscles or muscular groups.

Great badly or attacks tonic-clo'nicos.

It is commonest and it affects all the ages.

Sudden loss of conscience, followed of convulsions and movements without control that can be of great violence.

The attacks last several minutes and they are followed of somnolencia, associate to relaxation of sphincters.

Previous the epiléptico attack the patient enters a "epiléptica dawn".

It begins to badly see, strange scents or rare sounds, that they put to him in tension; because it knows that they very hard precede and they announce an attack of convulsive type.

Factors of risk

Familiar history of epilépticos attacks.

Excess of alcohol consumption, mixed or not with atmospheres with sparkling lights.

Drug use that alters the mind.

Hipoglucemia.

History of cerebral injuries.

Exhibition to toxic substances.

Prevention

It does not exist.

Diagnosis and treatment

DIAGNOSIS:

Electroencefalograma, that defines the type of epilepsy.

Cerebral T.A.C or R.M.N., always forced to discard underlying organic causes.

Sometimes analytical of blood or cerebral fluid, to discard toxic or infectious causes.

TREATMENT:

General Measures

To avoid circumstances that have caused the beginning of an attack.

To avoid alcohol and tobacco.

To avoid places closed with rarefied atmosphere.

Medication

Anticonvulsivantes drugs, that require strict fulfillment and medical checkup.

Activity

Avoid debilitating exercises.

Avoid strong noises and lights.

Diet

Rich carbon low hydrate feeding and in proteins.

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