ALZHEIMER

	A
	ALZHEIMER
	*ALZHEIMER*

ALZHEIMER

Alzheimer

Cerebral upheaval characterized by a gradual mental deterioration.

There is progressive a fast form that begins to the 36-45 years.

More gradual other, appears to 65-70.

It affects between a 5-10% of the greater people of 65 years.

Causes

Damage or loss of the cerebral neurons, by cause still unknown, although are one of the diseases, along with the S.I.D.A., in which it is being investigated the more intensely anywhere in the world.

At the moment mutations have described (alterations) in some genes (PS1 and PS2) that produce the disease, but only in a small proportion of the patients.

Signs and symptoms

The most characteristic symptoms are:

Precocious Estadío

Loss of memory of recent facts.

Progressive loss of ability to execute small things such as routine works, of house, etc.

Changes of personality and the capacity of judgment.

Estadíos advanced

Difficulty to make small decisions like choosing the clothes, etc.

Impossibility to recognize near people of the family.

Lack of interest in the personal cleanliness.

Difficulties to feed itself.

Belligerence, everything is bad fact.

Loss of social and sexual interest.

Anxiety and insomnia.

Estadíos terminal

Complete loss of memory, the capacity to speak and the muscular functions and sphincters.

Extreme belligerence, by any subject, or total docilidad.

Factors of risk

Familiar history of Alzheimer.

Aging.

Prevention

It does not exist.

Diagnosis and treatment

Diagnosis:

The diagnosis is made, of way attempt, by means of the interrogation to the patient and its relatives and by means of the craneal T.A.C., in which atrophy of the cerebral circumvolutions is observed, and other causes of senile dementia discard.

The definitive diagnosis is made by means of cerebral biopsy (it takes from cerebral weave for his microscopic study), in which the injuries characteristic of the disease are demonstrated:

Neuronal degeneration,

"senile" plates and

Neurofibrillas.

Given its aggressiveness (it is necessary to open the skull and to take with a needle releases deep a cerebral weave sample), it is a technique that is not used routinely, reserving itself for the investigation.

Treatment:

Most effective it is to reduce the symptoms:

To repeat to improve the memory problems.

One has demonstrated that ejercio of the memory delays its loss in these patients.

To talk with near relatives to avoid the agitation.

To distract the nervous patient who is frustrated and.

Psycotherapy of support to the members of the family.

General Measures

To improve the security in the house; to put barriers in the nonskid stairs, closings in the doors, carpets in the baths....

To identify to the patient with bracelet or medal in case it is lost.

Medication

In spite of the advances in the understanding of the disease, the present therapeutic arsenal very is limited and little effective.

Complications

Resistance to the infections disminuída.

Caquexia (extreme undernourishment; he is not related to the feeding, although these patients have problems to nourish themselves).

Accidents cerebrovasculares and eats.

Prognosis

Incurable.

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