Castilian: zarzaparrilla, sauce grill, morisca bramble, grape of dog.
English: sarsaparilla, salsaparilla
With the name of zarzaparrilla they are designated more than 200 species of the Smilax sort, distributed by the warm and humid regions of the globe. Usually they receive the name of its place of origin (zarzaparrilla of Mexico, Peru, Brazil, of Europe, etc.).
CHARACTERISTICS: It is a trepadora plant of several meters of length, that encarama to the trees until reaching the glass. The flowers form small white clusters with six floral pieces that will develop other so many fruits, red, as small cherries. Rizoma, ligneous, forms an extensive underground network by its multiple ramifications full of knots from which triangular leaves arise that surround it; from such naked the roots arise, little graft commas and, that grow vertically downwards. Rizoma can reach several meters of length, sometimes is even longer than the aerial stem.
LOCATION: Except the European, they live in all America, from Mexico to Brazil, in the humid forests.
Used Part
The root.
ACTIVE PRINCIPLES: They are in rizoma, where the parrillina is accumulated specially, a saponina characteristic of the American species; in addition glúcidos, mineral tannins and salts contain.
MEDICINAL PROPERTIES: She is diurética, sudorífica and purifying. The Spaniards verified, to their arrival to America, that the native ones already used the plant to cure diverse the evils, and they baptized it with the name of zarzaparrilla by similarity with which it grew in Spain (the one "of Europe"), to which also they adjudged the properties of that one, without knowledge that their active principles are not such. They even thought that it served to cure sífilis.
HARVESTING: At any time of the year. It is not necessary to take the whole plant; rizoma is enough with gathering a part of the length and leaving the rest, sufficient so that the plant does not die.
USES And APPLICATIONS: In decocción, 50 grams of rizoma by liter of water are boiled. Two or three glasses to the day will be taken; it is a solution to stimulate the secretion of tinkles and the one of the glands sudoríparas, in this last case very useful to cure the acne (the sweat eliminates the accumulated toxic substances in grains). With rizoma dry, the decocción by an infusion can be replaced.
In America, and specially in Mexico, a refrescante drink from root of zarzaparrilla was elaborated that gave origin to modern drinks of tail.
Zarzaparrilla with its fruits, that can get to form nourished clusters; his rizoma often reaches several meters of length, and sometimes he is longer than the stem. The root of this species (Smilax officinalis), own of tropical America, provides the "used tail" in the refrescantes drink elaboration.
Clusters of fruits of zarzaparrilla of Mediterranean Europe, aspera Smilax.
Indications
States in which an increase of the diuresis is required: genitourinarias affections (cystitis, ureteritis, uretritis, oliguria, urolitiasis), hiperazotemia, hiperuricemia, drop, arterial hypertension, edemas, overweight accompanied by retention of liquids.
Bronchitis, enfisema, asthma.
Also one has been used like purifying in dermatological problems: acne, eczemas, ictiosis, psoriasis; in reumatismos you will articulate or to "rebajar sangre", from where it derives its popular name of "mermasangre".
Contraindications
Not to prescribe oral forms of metering with alcoholic content to smaller children of two years nor to consultantes in process of etílica deshabituación.
Precaution/Poisonings
To elevated doses, it can cause gastroenteritis.
Due to the presence of saponósidos with hemolítica action (although it has been only verified experimentally in vitro and in animals after its parenteral administration), we recommended to prescribe in discontinuous form.
To consider the alcoholic content of the fluid extract and the dye.
Its use like diurético in the presence of hypertension, cardiopathies or moderate renal insufficiency or burdens, only must become by prescription and under medical checkup, before the danger that can suppose the uncontrolled contribution of liquids, the possibility that a tensional descompensación takes place.
Galénicas Forms/Dosage
- Decocción: 1 spoonful of dessert by cup. To boil 10 minutes, and to instill during 10. Three cups to the day, half an hour before the meals.
- fluid Extract (1:1): 30-50 drops, one to four times to the day.
- It tinctures (1:5): 50-100 drops, two to four times to the day.
- dry Extract (5:1): 300 mg/dosis, one to three times to the day.
Bibliography
Benigni, R; Capra, C; Cattorini, P. Piante Medicinali. Chimica, Farmacologia and Terapia. Milano: Inverni & Della Beffa, 1962, pp.1402-8.
Bézanger-Beauquesne, L; Pinkas, M; Torck, M. You plant dans to Them the Therapeutique Moderne. 2ª. Paris: Maloine, 1986, pp. 394-5.
British Herbal Pharmacopoeia. Vol. I. Bournemouth, Dorset: British Medical Herbal Association, 1990, pp. 78-9.
Bruneton, J. Elementos de Fitoquímica and Farmacognosia. Zaragoza: Acribia, 1991, p. 323.
It ballast, JJ; Bachelor, LI. Medicinal plants in Asturias and the Cantabrian Cornice. Gijón: Trea editions, 1997, pp. 234-6.
Him Floc'h, And Contribution to unites Etude Ethnobotanique of the Flore Tunisienne. Imprimerie Officielle of the République Tunisienne, 1983, p.69.
Paris, RR; Moyse, M. Précis de Matière Médicale. Take II. Paris: Masson, 1967, p. 54.
Peris, JB; Stübing, G; Figuerola, R. Gui'a of Plantas Medicinal of the Valencian Community. Valencia: The Provinces, 1996, p. 336.
Creek, D; Obón, C. Gui'a Incafo of Plantas Useful and Poisonous of the Iberian Peninsula and Baleares. Madrid: Incafo, 1991, pp.187; 1129-31.
Samuelsson, G. Drugs of Natural Origin. To Textbook of Pharmacognosy. Stockholm: Swedish Pharmaceutical Press, 1992, p.178.
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