One is used generally to alleviate respiratory diseases like tosferina, gripa and bronchitis; also for digestive upheavals like bile, diarrea, stomach ache and constipation. On the other hand, the virtue is very well-known that it has to cure affections of the heart and hemorroides. It has been effective like laxative, disinfectant, diurético, and to fight the intestinal parasites, conjuntivitis and infections in the eyes and ears. The used part more is the flower, as much by oral route, in baths, washings or promotions; equal it can locally be used the fruit and the leaves macerated in water, or the cofoundation of branches and seeds as use water.
Shrub of 2 to 5 ms of height, has gray stems and leaves divided in five hojuelas; their flowers are white and are grouped in the terminal part of the branches. The fruits are small and black. It inhabits in climates temperings and it lives associate with the tropical forest caducifolia and perennifolia; scrub xerófilo, forests thorny, mesófilo of mountain, encino and compound of pine.
Elder
Sambucus nigra
The elder is considered a "tree of God". The Spaniards took it to America in century xvi, and he has been becomeed aclimated in many regions of the New Continent, even in the Andean heights. It has been gotten to think that the healer of Tolima (Colombia), Perdomo Neira, used the elder for his pócima, "the thunderclap of Perdomo".
The flowers contain tannins, glucósido and an essence, and of the leaves and the crust an alkaloid, the sambucina is extracted.
For the fatigue to irritation of the eyes they must be made washed ocular with I eliminate resultant of the decocción of the crust of the elder
Shrub of 2 to 4 ms of height, although can transform itself into a tree and sometimes reach the 10. He is native of central Europe and one extends until East and America. The trunk is had with a grayish crust, with the warty surface. The branches remain green during the first year, but immediately they become ligneous. The flowers appear in the end of the green small branches and form dense masses of small flowers that seem umbelas (in umbrella form). They dismiss an pleasant aroma, but they lack nectar, reason why never insects see themselves on them. The fruit is a berry (surrounded seeds of a fleshy layer, like the grape) violácea, almost black, with patented brightness. Also one knows like sabuco and sabugo him.
HARVESTING: It blooms in spring, that is when it must cut the flowers (the mountain elders take more in blooming). The flowers are dried in the shade in a ventilated place; soon the fruits keep in jars closed hermetically take shelter something summer later. The crust is taken in autumn, but the one of the second year (the ligneous one, the one that still is green) pela and the external layer does not not deign, conserved the interior, tender and greenish.
USES And APPLICATIONS: Against the inflammation (blows, twist exists the old custom to smoke cloth throwing flowers to the fire; soon it is applied in the affected parts. the infusion of flowers or leaves is also effective, and also serves like sudorífica and tranquilizer as the cough, to wash the eyes: it is prepared with average of umbela of flowers (or a tiny amount of leaves) by each cup. Two can be taken or three to the day, for the eyes, are applied directly with a cloth or, to drops). The fresh fruits in decocción serve to prepare a purifying drink (50 grams of fruits in liter of water are boiled during a quarter of an hour) crust, in decocción (it is prepared like the fruits), it has laxative effects if a cup is taken, and another one more after a quarter of an hour. The crust also is diurética take two or three cups to the day of the one from decocción crust just uprooted, divided and boiled (1/4 of kilo of crust by liter of water, boiling it until it is reduced to half).
Used Part
The flowers, possibly the fruits, leaves and líber.
- Fruits: diurético, diaforético, to average doses is laxative and, in greater doses, laxative. Topically it is used of popular form for the treatment of neuralgias and rheumatic pains.
- Crust: diurético, astringent, the hemostatic premises, healing.
Not to prescribe oral forms of metering with alcoholic content to smaller children of two years nor to consultantes in process of etílica deshabituación.
Indirect effect
The crude fruits can produce a emetocatártico effect.
Precaution/Poisonings
It is necessary to be cautious, by the presence of heterósidos cianogénicos (10 mg/% of CHN in the fresh leaves and until a 0.80% in the green fruits).
The popular use of insufficiently mature fruits, of decocciones by roots or stems, as well as the one of the fruits like laxative, is the most frequent causes of poisoning by elder. We recommended to abstain to prescribe it like laxative.
To consider the alcoholic content of the fluid extract and the dye.
Galénicas Forms/Dosage
We recommended to prescribe solely the flowers and their extracts.
Internal use:
- Infusion: 5 g by cup. To instill 10 minutes. To drink voluntarily. When it is prescribed like sudorífico in the treatment of febrile diseases, we recommended that it is taken well warms up.
- fluid Extract (1:1): 20 to 40 drops, one to three times to the day.
- It tinctures (1:5): 50-100 drops, one to three times to the day.
External use:
- Infusion: 60 to 80 g/l, to instill 10 minutes. To apply in form of ocular baths.
- oleosa Maceration of flowers, is used popularly for the treatment of hurt and burns.
Bibliography
Benigni, R; Capra, C; Cattorini, P. Piante Medicinali. Chimica, Farmacologia and Terapia. Milano: Inverni & Della Beffa, 1962, pp. 1421-4.
Bézanger-Beauquesne, L; Pinkas, M; Torck, M. You plant dans to Them the Therapeutique Moderne. 2ª. Paris: Maloine, 1986, p. 382.
Bézanger-Beauquesne, L; Pinkas, M; Torck, M; Trotin, F. Plantes Médicinales DES Regions Tempérées. Paris: Maloine, 1980, pp. 361-2.
British Herbal Pharmacopoeia. Vol. I. Bournemouth, Dorset: British Medical Herbal Association, 1990, pp. 41-2.
Fernandez, M; Grandson, To Plantas Medicinal. Pamplona: Editions University of Navarre, 1982, p. 158.
It ballast, JJ; Bachelor, LI. Medicinal plants in Asturias and the Cantabrian Cornice. Gijón: Trea editions, 1997, pp. 227-8.
Mulet, L. toxic Flora of the Valencian Community. Castellón: Provincial delegation, 1997, pp. 387-8.
Paris, RR; Moyse, M. Précis de Matière Médicale. Take III. Paris: Masson, 1971, pp. 384-5.
Peris, JB; Stübing, G; Vanaclocha, B. Applied Fitoterapia. Valencia: M.I. Official school of Phamacists, 1995, pp. 463-4.
Peris, JB; Stübing, G; Figuerola, R. Gui'a of Plantas Medicinal of the Valencian Community. Valencia: The Provinces, 1996, p. 73.
Creek, D; Obón, C. Gui'a Incafo of Plantas Useful and Poisonous of the Iberian Peninsula and Baleares. Madrid: Incafo, 1991, pp.146; 936-40.
Hellemont, J. Compendium de Phytotherapie go. Bruxelles: Association Pharmaceutique Belge, 1986, pp. 361-3.
Villar, L; Palacín, JM; Bald, C; Go'mez, D; Montserrat, G. Plantas Medicinal of the Pyrenean oscenses Aragonese and others tierrras. 2ª. Huesca: Provincial delegation, 1992, pp. 29; 211; 283.
Wichtl, M. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceutical. To for Handbook Practice on to Scientific basis. Stuttgart: Medpharm Scientific Publishers, 1994, pp. 446-50.
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