Alcherva, Beaver, Greater Catapucia, Cherva, Crotón, Fig tree of the Devil, Higuereta, Higuerillo, Palm of Christ, Louse of the Devil, Querva, Tártago of Venezuela
Ricinus is a Latin word that means garrapata, and makes reference to the form of the seed; of there the name of our plant. The denomination "fig tree del devil" can that talks about al aspect of its leaves, like those of the fig tree, or to the reddish coloration of the stems, although also could be due to the demonic toxicity that locks up the seeds.
Small branch of the ricino, with its slapped leaves and their masculine and feminine flowers (over the previous ones). In the drawings in detail (down, of right to left), a masculine inflorescencia, a feminine flower and the covered fruit of prongs, and (above) one of the three made oval and oily seeds that are in their interior.
Of the seeds of the ricino the ricino oil, a bitter laxative is extracted and vermifuge, that some decades ago was administered to million to million European children with great misfortune of its part by its disagreeable flavor.
It is a shrub able to reach 2 ms of height if the climate is propitious. Very graft, as much the trunk as the branches and the nerviaciones of the leaves acquires a very showy reddish coloration. The flowers are of two types: masculine and feminine, but both on the same foot, feminine in the superior part and the masculine ones below these. The fruits (that only form from the feminine ones) are small covered capsules of prongs that, when they mature, are opened elastically and projected the three made oval and flattened seeds that contains. One also denominates catapucia and fig tree of the devil.
LOCATION: He is original of North Africa, where it has been known for more than 6,000 years. In old Egypt they used at that time the seed already to extract oil, when not yet the olive oil was known. Of there, Step to be cultivated in the other continents. Where better it grows is in the regions where the seasons of drought happen to those of rain.
ACTIVE PRINCIPLES: A species of ricino only exists; nevertheless, to the cultivated salary for bariums centuries, they have been being appearing many varieties with diverse forms and sizes of the seeds, or with the leaves of greater or smaller dimensions, but all has seeds with identical farmacológicas properties the seeds contain between 50 and 80 % of oil, the ricino oil. Remainder of seed crushed and ground when already the oil has been extracted (what "cake" is denominated) contains a vegetal albumen (a toxialbúmina) denominated ricina, a very toxic poison that expands the blood vessels, being enough only 2 thousandth d milligram to kill a rabbit.
MEDICINAL PROPERTIES: The ricino oil is the laxative one par excellence, but its work is very disagreeable.
HARVESTING: The mature fruit must be collected, before the seeds are expelled from their interior. In tropical climates, where are the main cultures, the maturation lasts almost all the year, reason why it is collected at any time. The seeds separate of the covers and are put under diverse industrial procedures to extract ricino oil.
Farmacológica Action
The ricinoléico acid acts irritating the mucosa of the thin intestine with which it reflected causes an stimulation (exageración) of the peristaltismo, presenting/displaying a laxative to low doses and laxative action to average or high doses. When making contact with enemy with lipasa pancreática, the ricinoléico acid is freed of the its glicéridos and smooth lipídicos components of the intestinal membrane, which produces an increase of the peristaltismo that has like result an abundant evacuation of liquid lees without cólicos pains, to not to have produced irritation of the intestinal mucosa.
Indications
Given the virulence of its laxative action, it is in disuse like laxative.
One was used to treat the constipation, for preoperating intestinal cleaning or like helping in antihelmínticos treatments. Also it was used to treat the poisonings (it on the matter see the commentary in the section of precautions).
Contraindications
It is not possible to be used for the treatment of poisonings by liposolubles toxics, since the increase in the secretion of biliary salts would facilitate its absorption.
Indirect effect
The ricina, main alkaloid of the ricino, is a powerful inhibitor of the protéica synthesis. Its ingestion can produce intense intestinal cólicos pains, vomits, coleriforme diarrea and, in a following phase, convulsions, hypertherm, hepática citolisis, hemólisis and secondary renal insufficiency.
Precaution/Poisonings
The poisonings usually are accidental. The 3-4 ingestion seeds chewed in boy or 10 in the adult, can cause the death.
The ricina is termolábil, reason why it disappears during the process of elaboration of the ricino oil.
When the oil enrancia, is specially toxic and dangerous.
Galénicas Forms/Dosage
To see precautions.
- Oil encapsulation: 2 to 10 g/día, like laxative; 15 to 40 g/día, like laxative.
Bibliography
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Samuelsson, G. Drugs of Natural Origin. To Textbook of Pharmacognosy. Stockholm: Swedish Pharmaceutical Press, 1992, pp. 112; 215.
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