PINE ALVAR (pinus sylvestris)

	P
	PINE ALVAR
	*pinus sylvestris*

Name
PINE ALVAR

Scientific Name
pinus sylvestris

PINE ALVAR

Used Part

The young yolks, leaves and branches.

Active Principles

- Yolks: essential oil (pineno, limoneno, terpineno, mirceno, sabineno, ocimeno, terpinoleno), draws resin from, bitter principles.

- Crust: Essential, rich oil in pineno; trementina, essence of trementina; tar or annoys vegetable, rich in fenoles and esters; cellulose, metilcelulosa, tannins.

- Leaves: Flavonoides, vitamin C, tannins.

Farmacológica Action

The essential oil is responsible for its antiseptic, expectorante action, diurética uricosúrica, actions reinforced by the vegetal tar. In addition he is antiviral, antipirética, inmunoestimulante and vasoprotectora capillary. In topical use the essential oil produces a rubefaciente effect. The tar, obtained by incomplete pirogenación of the trunks and chips is reducing.

Indications

Affections of the respiratory tree: influenza, resfriados, sinusitis, faringitis, laryngitis, traqueitis, bronchitis, asthma. Cystitis, uretritis, prostatitis, reumatismo (in internal and external use), drop, wounds, parodontopatías, vulvovaginitis. Tar, in topical use: psoriasis.

Contraindications

Hipersensibilidad to the essential oil. Renal insufficiency.

Except for express indication, we recommended to abstain to internally prescribe the essential oil during the pregnancy, the lactancia, to smaller children of six years or gastroduodenales patients with gastritis, ulcers, syndrome of the null and voidable intestine, ulcerosa colitis, neurological disease of Crohn, hepatopatías, epilepsy, Parkinson or other diseases.

Not to administer, neither to apply topically to smaller children of six years nor to people with respiratory allergies or well-known hypersensitivity to this one or other essential oils.

Not to prescribe oral forms of metering with alcoholic content to smaller children of two years nor to consultantes in process of etílica deshabituación.

Indirect effect

By their abundance in tannins, the infusion of leaves and the decocción of crust can cause digestive upheavals.

Precaution/Poisonings

To use the essence with precaution, mainly in children, by the possibility of appearance of broncoespasmos or pneumonitis. The excessive inhalation, or in elevated doses, can produce nervous excitation (even convulsions) and increase of the arterial tension. Of preventive form we recommended to practice a previous test of tolerance to the application of inhalations with essential oil: to inhale during 15 seconds and to wait for 30 minutes.

The essential oil is fototóxico: to avoid the solar radiations after its local application.

To consider the alcoholic content of the flowed extract, the dye and the syrup.

Galénicas Forms/Dosage

Internal use:

- Yolks:

Infusion: 20 to 50 g/l, three cups to the day, or in form of inhalations.

Distilled water: 1 to 4 glasses to the day.

Fluid extract (1:1): 20-40 drops, two or three times to the day.

It tinctures (1:5): 50-100 drops, one to three times to the day.

Syrup (5% of fluid extract): 3 to 5 soperas spoonfuls (60 to 100 g) to the day.

- essential Oil (To see section of precautions):

2 to 5 drops, one to three times to the day, on a lump of sugar or in oleosa solution.

Capsules (25 to 50 mg/cáps.), one to three to the day.

Supositorios (50 mg/sup.), two or three to the day.

External use:

- Infusion (I appear, leaves), decocción (crust): Local or general baths (adding 1 or 2 liters to the bath water), compresas, washings, irrigations, instilaciones, inhalations, etc.

- It annoys: in soap form (1:7), for frictions or baths; pomadas.

- essential Oil (to see precautions):

Dry inhalations: 3-5 drops on a handkerchief.

Humid inhalations: 5 to 10 drops in the middle liter of hot water.

Aerosols: 1,2 g/50 prepared mililiter of.

Bibliography

Benigni, R; Capra, C; Cattorini, P. Piante Medicinali. Chimica, Farmacologia and Terapia. Milano: Inverni & Della Beffa, 1962, pp.1107-9.

Bézanger-Beauquesne, L; Pinkas, M; Torck, M. You plant dans to Them the Therapeutique Moderne. 2ª. Paris: Maloine, 1986, pp. 334-6.

Bézanger-Beauquesne, L; Pinkas, M; Torck, M; Trotin, F. Plantes Médicinales DES Regions Tempérées. Paris: Maloine, 1980, p.32.

Fernandez, M; Grandson, To Plantas Medicinal. Pamplona: Editions University of Navarre, 1982, p.135.

Mulet, L. Estudio Etnobotánico of the Province of Castellón. Castellón: Provincial delegation, 1991, pp. 336-7.

Paris, RR; Moyse, M. Précis de Matière Médicale. Take I. Paris: Masson, 1986, pp. 395-7.

Peris, JB; Stübing, G; Vanaclocha, B. Applied Fitoterapia. Valencia: M.I. Official school of Phamacists, 1995, pp. 416-7.

Peris, JB; Stübing, G; Figuerola, R. Gui'a of Plantas Medicinal of the Valencian Community. Valencia: The Provinces, 1996, p. 48.

Trease, GE; Evans, WCh. Farmacognosia. Mexico D.F.: Inter-American -- MacGraw-Hill, 1991, p. 472.

Hellemont, J. Compendium de Phytotherapie go. Bruxelles: Association Pharmaceutique Belge, 1986, pp. 292-4.

Villar, L; Palacín, JM; Bald, C; Go'mez, D; Montserrat, G. Plantas Medicinal of the Pyrenean oscenses Aragonese and others tierrras. 2ª. Huesca: Provincial Delegation, 1992, p.176.

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