Flower of the passion; al.: Passionblüme; ingl.: maypop, to passionflower.
Aerial part
The flowers of this trepadora plant show a crown of filamentous and located petaloides appendices on androginóforo, 5 estambres with orange anthers and an ovary to unilocular with 3 carpelos and a style with three widened estigmáticas branches.
Origin
All the species of the sort are tropical or subtropical. Original of Brazil and Peru, the oficinal species is frequent in the south of the United States, as well as in Mexico and the Bahamas [ 110]. It is possible to be cultivated anywhere of the Mediterranean river basin.
Chemical composition
Numerous components are had isolated. Some are banal: bears, amino acids, fitosteroles, umbeliferona, acids fenoles, escopoletol [ 110 ]. The cianogenéticos heterósidos ones (characteristic of the sort) without a doubt are represented by the ginocardina [ 111 ].
The substances that could take part in the activity belong to three groups:
• Alkaloids: Derivatives of the ß-carbolina, are little abundant (less than 0.03 %). the harmano, majority, is accompanied of 112 constant similar derivatives but that do not seem [ ]: harmol, harmina and its homologous ones dihidrogenados, harmalol and harmalina.
• Flavonoides: One treats almost solely, of monkey-C-glucosil flavonas: vitexina (8-c-ß-d glucosil-apigenol), orientina (8-C-ß-D-glucosil-luteolol) and its isomers in 6, and I gave-C to glucosil flavonas them: saponarina [ 112 ], 2-lucenina [ 113 ], 2-vicenina [ 114 ]; also there are isolated of the drug the saftósido one, isosaftósido as well as biósidos the C-heterosídicos (glucósidos in 2 of the isovitexina and the isoorientina) [ 114.115 ].
• Maltol: This pirona (2-metil-3-hidroxi-pirona) is present in very low proportion: 0,05 % [ 116 ].
Farmacológicos data
To component what it must the attributed to drug and demonstrated sedative activity in diverse animal experiments? [ 119 ] and [ 124 ]. The answer is not clear. Numerous works mention the alkaloids: this is contradicted with which is known of the central stimulating properties of the ß-carbolinas due to its interactivity with the receivers of the 117 benzodiazepinas [ ]; also the hallucinogenic properties the harmina and the inhibiting activity of the M.A.O are known. of tetrahidro ß-carbolinas. In the mouse, maltol exerts a depressing effect on the spontaneous motor activity (inhibition of 50% for a 75 dose of mg/kg) and power clearly the duration of the dream induced by hexobarbital (500 D.E. from 300 to mg/kg), in addition to being anticonvulsivante.
It is left a question: the concentration of this compound is sufficient to explain the activity of the drug. It is little probable. Sinergia between the different ones would be then necessary to consider one composed. This 112 hypothesis [ ] is reinforced by the farmacológicos works conducted on an extract of alata P. Aiton [ 118 ] that contains flavonoides and alkaloids.
Observations in the Man
Few studies have been published very. It is necessary to indicate a study to double blind person made with an association with vegetal extracts that show very clearly their interest to assure a prolonged dream and a diminution the anxiety without 120 somnolencia [ ]. Delaveau informs into the results of a survey made in ambulatory medicine that seems to confirm the interest of the pasiflora like neurosedante [ 121 ].
Use
The pasiflora is used widely: the extract comprises of the composition of the propose alopáticas specialties in the symptomatic treatment of neurotónicos states of the adults and the children and in the upheavals of the cardiac eretismo (palpitaciones). This specialty associates the galénicas forms of pasiflora to those of other "tranquilizers" or "vegetal cardiosedantes": valeriana, hawthorn to albar, etc. The drug is also used in specialties of espasmolítico character.
The fitoterapia uses much this drug: infusions, criomolturados, nebulizados. It has not been indicated, until today, indirect effect some (the content in carbolinas is despicable) [ 119 ] for this drug that would allow - according to its prescriptores - to obtain a good sedative state, a dream of quality and an attenuation of the anguish, without yatrogénico risk. In Spain, one authorizes the use of this plant for the treatment of the anxiety, emotividad, nervousness, stress, insomnia.
Precautions
Something reduced the capacity can be seen to lead and to control heavy machinery.
The drug
The stem, ligneous, grayish, sometimes purple, has alternating leaves, long pecioladas, dividing in three acute lobes (6-8 x 2-3 cm) finely dentated and with pubescentes nerves. The earrings, inserted in the armpits of the leaves, are fine and smooth.
Peciolo takes two nectaríferas glands of dark color. The most frequent falsifications are with other species of the sort: P. edulis Sims. (the "fruit of the passion") and coerulea P. L., acclimated ornamental species in our gardens. The first species has the clearly dentated leaves in the margins of the limb, second is pentalobulada. The microscopic examination, as well as a study in C.C.F. of the 110 flavonoides [ ] assures the identification the drug. The main components can be valued quantitatively, specially by means of the technique of liquid Chromatography of hi-res [ [ 122], 123 ].
Bibliography
[ 110 ] T. BRASSEUR and L. ANGENOT.
Contribution à l'étude pharmacognostique of the Passiflore.
J. Pharm. Belg., 39,15-22, 1984.
[ 111 ] E.S. OLAFSDOTTIR, J.V. ANDERSEN ET J. JAROSZEWSKI.
Cyanohydrin glycosides of Passifloraceae.
Phytochemistry, 28,127-132, 1989; to also see: K.C. SEGLER ET D.S. SEIGLER, Gynocardin from incarnata Passiflora. It plants Med., 50, 356-357, 1984.
[ 112 ] J. LUTOMSKI, And SEGIET, K.SZPUNAR and K. GRISSE.
Die Bedeutung der Passionsblüme in der Heikunde Pharmazie in unserer Zeit, 10, 45-49, 1981.
[ 113 ] C. CONGORA, A.PROLIAC and J. RAYNAUD.
Isolement ET identification of deux glucosyl-lutéolines monkey-C-substitue'es ET of diglucosyl-6,8-lutéoline I gave-C substituée dans them tiges feuillées of incarnata Passiflora.
Helv. Chim Act, 69, 251-253, 1986.
[ 114 ] H. GEIGER and K.R. MARKHAM.
The C-glycosylflavone pattern of incarnata Passiflora L.
Z. Naturforsch, 4ç, 949-950, 1986.
[ 115 ] To PROLIAC and J. RAYNAUD.
O-glucosyl-2 "- C-glucosyl-6 apigénine of incarnata Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae).
Pharm. Helv. Act, 63, 174-175, 1988.
[ 116 ] N. AOYAGI, R. KIMURA and T. MURATA.
Studies on incarnata Passiflora dry extract: I. pharmacological Isolation of maltol and action of maltol and ethylmaltol.
Chem. Pharm. Bull., 22, 1008-1013, 1974.
[ 117 ] W.E. MÜLLER, K.I. FEHSKE, H. Or BORBE, Or WOLLERT, C. NANZ and H. ROMMELSPACHER.
On the neuropharmacology of harmane and to other ß-carbolines.
Pharmacol. Biochem. and Behav., 14, 693-699, 1981; to also see: D. BIDET ET al., L'actualité chimique, 17-30, 1984; H. ROMMELSPACHER ET al., Europ. J. Pharmacol., 70, 409-416, 1981; C. PIERARD, them ß-carbolines d'origine naturelle ET leur intérêt biologique, Thèse de Dr. Pharm. (D.E.), Paris V, 1984.
[ 118 ] S. OGA, P.C.D. OF FREITAS, A.C. GOMES GIVES SILVA and S. HANADA.
Pharmacological trials of crude extract of alata Passiflora.
It plants Med., 50, 303-306, 1984. The south alata P.: A.ULUBELEN ET al., J. Nat. Prod., 45, 783, 1982.
[ 119 ] D. BIZET and F. ROUBAUDI.
The Passiflore, incarnata Passiflora L. Passifloracées.
Phytotherapy, (26), 22-24, 1988.
[ 120 ] G.B. CAVAZUTTI.
Etude pharmacologique clinique d'une association of troubles GABOB ET d'extraits végétaux utilisée chez l'enfant ayant DES du sommeil comportement ET du.
Clin. ter., 51, 15-29, 1969.
[ 121 ] P. DELAVEAU. The Passiflore. Act. Pharm., (227), 1985.
[ 122 ] H. WAGNER, G. TITTEL and S. BLADT.
Analyse und standardisicrung von Arzneidrogen und Phytopräparaten durch Hochleistungsflüssigchromatographie (HPLC) und andere chromatographische Verfahren.
Disch Apoth-Zig., 123, 515-521, 1983.
[ 123 ] P. PIETTA, And WAY and P. CEVA.
For Isocratic liquid chromatographic method the simultaneous of incarnata Passiflora L. and Crataegus monogyna flavonoids in drugs.
J. Chromatogr., (357), 233-238, 1986.
[ 124 ] And SPERONI and To MINGHETTI.
Neuropharmacological activity of extracts from incarnata Passiflora.
It plants Med., 54, 488-489, 1988.
Diseases in whose treatment this plant is adapted
Insomnia
Stress and depression
Espasmos Nervous
Premenstrual syndrome
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