Or stamineus = Or spicatus (Thunb.) BAK. it is a shrub of the irregularly indented in edges and ready leaves in pairs. There the flowers, grouped in verticilos, white or lilas, have estambres that projects up to 2 cm of stop over the corola, of the whiskers name "".
Origin
This plant of Malaysia is from Southeast Asia (Burma, Thailand, the Philippines, Indonesia) to Australia. It was introduced in the zones of humid subtropical climate (South America). At the moment Indonesia is the main producer and exporter.
Chemical composition
The components of the drug well are known: 3% of potassium salts [ 321 ], ß-sitosterol, &alpha-amirina, inositol [ 326 ] and 328 diterpenos [ ]. Also, there are isolated polifenoles and an essential oil.
•Polifenoles. The hidrosoluble part of the metanólico extract is rich in fenilpropanoicos derivatives: rosmarínico acid and acid 322.332 dicafeil-tartárico [ ]. The leaf of ortosifón contains in addition, flavonoides I gave -, tri -, tetra- and pentametilados: sinensetina, salvigenina, eupatorina, ramnacina, cirsimaritina, escutelareína and luteolol to tetrametiléter [ 323.324.326 ]. It is possible that these lipófilos pigments are stored in the tricommas; they have not been in form of heterósidos [ 322 ].
•Aceite essential. The essential oil content is small (0,02-0,06%), except for when the 325 in the middle hidrodestilación is made acid or alkaline [ ]. The analysis by C.G./E.M. reveals that the sesquiterpenos are the main components, in individual hydrocarbons: ß-elemeno, ß-cariofileno and its oxide, ß-selineno, cadineno, humuleno a-guayeno, d [ 325 ]. Recently, it has been demonstrated (in a commercial lot) that the inflorescencia contains a 4% of a benzopiránico derivative: the metil-ripariocromeno To [ 327 ].
Farmacológicos data
In Southeast Asia, the drug is used traditionally like diurético and for the affections of the 329 kidney and of vejiga [ ], nevertheless, the experimental datas that can confirm or affirm this reputation is little.
Although the administration of 10 mg/kg of a dry extract of the drug by gastric sounding in rat with hydric overload, makes increase a 111% diuresis, the author of the experience declares to have reserves with respect to the used methodology [ 330 ]. The following year, a study was made in the same animal with extracts of the drug administered to per, showing to you that ortosifón is a smaller diurético and than only the watery extract [ is active 331a ]; the dry extract also nebulizado is it (rat, to per you) [ 331b ]. According to 333 Sheu ET al. [ ], the drug is considered in Taiwan like a hipoglucemiante remedy: these authors attribute this activity to the ursólico acid whose properties have been studied by other 334 authors [ ]. On the other hand, one knows that the rosmarínico acid is equipped with antirust, bacteriostáticas and antiinflammatory properties [ 332 and ref mentioned ].
Observations in the Man
Until years 1925-1935 the beneficial effects of the infusion of the drug were not shown on the diuresis. According to most of the authors of these observations, the increase of the hydric elimination goes accompanied of an increase of the excreción of urea, chlorides and úrico acid. One has demonstrated that the alcaliniza drug tinkles it and that only with a lasting treatment a beneficial effect can be obtained on 60 the urinary litiasis [ ].
Use
Ortosifón is used traditionally to favor the functions of renal and digestive elimination and, more concretely, the water elimination. Sometimes one advises to the infusion (5 g/l) and the simple galénicas preparations of the drug in the treatment of the litiasis and the eczematosas cutaneous affections. Ortosifón also is recommended like helping in the adelgazantes treatments.
In Spain the use of this plant is authorized to facilitate the renales and digestive functions of elimination. Helping in control modes of weight.
The drug
The leaves, three times longer than wide, opposed in a quadrangular stem, with a slight rhomboid form and short peciolos, have a limb with pinnada ribbing, a weakly indented irregular margin and. The inferior face of the limb is slightly pubescente and clearer that the superior face. Peciolo and the nerviaciones are of violáceo brown color. The examination with magnifying glass shows a very particular disposition of the network of secondary nerves: they begin being parallel becoming divergent until folding itself in form of arc in the margins. The control of the drug includes/understands a C.C.F. of a metanólico extract to characterize the flavonoides, specially, the sinensetina. The quantitative analysis of rosmarínico acid, can take place by liquid chromatography of hi-res [ 332 ].
Bibliography
[ 321 ] M. WICHTL Orthosiphonblätter. In:
Teedrogen - Ein Handbuch für die praxis auf to wissenschaftlicher Grundlage- (2ª ed.), M. WICHTL, ed., Stuttgart, Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellshaft mbH, p. 359-361, 1989.
[ 322 ] W. SUMARYONO, P. PROKSCH, V. WRAY, L. WITTE and T. HARTMANN
Phenylpropanoids from Ortosiphon aristatus.
Plant to Med.., 55, 110-111, 1989
[ 323 ] H. WAGNER, S. BLADT and E.M. ZGAINSKI
Plant drug analysis, Berlin, Springer Verlag, 1984.
[ 324 ] And WOLLENWEBER and K. MANN
Weitere Flavonoide aus Orthosiphon spicatus.
It plants Med., 51, 459-460, 1985.
[ 325 ] G.A. SCHUT and J.H. ZWAVING
Content and composition of the essential oil of Orthosiphon aristatus.
It plants Med., 52, 240-241, 1986.
[ 326 ] W. GOES DER VEEN, TH. M. MALINGRE and J.H. ZWAVING
Orthosiphon stamineus, een geneeskruid met een diuretsche werking, fytochemisch in farmacologisch onderzoek.
Pharm. Weekbl., 114, 965-970, 1979.
[ 327 ] j.-c. GUERIN, HP REVEILLERE, P. DUCREY and L. TOUPET
Ortosiphon stamineus ace to potent source of methylripariochromene A.
J. Nat. Prod., 52, 171-173, 1989.
[ 328 ] R. TEUBER, Thèse (Marbourg) mentioned by M. WICHTL, "Orthosiphonblätter" in: DAB to 9-Kommentar, K. HARTKE and E. MÜTSCHLER, éds., Stuttgart, Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellshaft mbH, 3, p. 2607-2609, 1986.
[ 329 ] L.M. PERRY
Medicinal plants of east and southeast Asia: attributed properties and you use, Cambidge (Mass.), MIT Press, 1980.
[ 330 ] P. GUILLEREY
Contribution à l´étude DES you plant médicinales à reputation diurétique.
Thèse de Doctorat in Pharmacie (Diplôme d´Etat), Nancy I, 1982.
[ 331 ] (a) P. BURTIN
Etude of l´activité diurétique of l´Ortosiphon stamineus L. (Lamiacées).
Thèse de Doctorat in Pharmacie, (Diplôme d´Etat), Nancy I, 1983.
(b) J. Casadebaig-lafon, M. JACOB, G. CASSANAS, C. MARION and To PUECH
Elaboration d´extraits végé(a) - P. BURTIN
Etude of l´activité diurétique of l´Ortosiphon stamineus L. (Lamiacées).
Thèse de Doctorat in
[ 332 ] L. GRACZA and P. RUFF
Über Vorkommen und Analytik von Phenylpropanderivaten, 5. Mitt.: Rosmarinsäure in Arzneibuchdrogen und ihre HPLC-Bestimmung.
Arch. Pharm. (Weinheim), 317, 339-345, 1984.
[ 333 ] S.Y. SCHEU, C. LIU and H.C. CHIANG
The hypoglycemic principle of Mesona procumbens and Ortosiphon stamineus.
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