Ortiga, well-known by its urticantes hairs, is graft a herbaceous plant vivaz with rizoma; of raised stem, the leaves green dark, are opposed, acuminadas and teethed with estípulas free. The unisexuadas, tetrámeras flowers, are grouped in hanging clusters that are longer than the peciolos.
Origin
The species, nitrófila, proliferate in the neighborhoods of the inhabited zones, in escombreras, ditches and also in forest fences, edges and cuttings, as well as in cultivated lands.
Chemical composition
The composition of this species is only known partially.
The roots contain escopoletol, free and combined homovainíllico alcohol with glucose, lignanos (diaril-furánicos of the series of 798 neon-olivil [ ], of heterósidos the esteroídicos 799 derivatives of sitosterol and 7-a and 7-ß hidroxisitosterol [ ], a polisacarídica fraction composed by four polisacáridos different ones [ 800 ], as well as a 800.801 lectina [ ] that has 802 a very low relative mass [ ].
The aerial parts, specially rich in mineral elements (mainly in iron and silicon), are chlorophyll source. They contain equally carotenoid, vitamins (in ascórbico acid individual), acids and 803 acids fenoles [ ] and numerous flavonoides: glucósidos and rutinósidos in 3 of isorramnetol, quercetol, kenferol... [ 804 ]. Also a hidrosoluble glycoprotein is had isolated of the leaves [ 805 ]. The urticantes hairs contain amines: acetilcolina, histamina and serotonin (2%, 3% and 0.02% respectively). The seeds contain a 25-33% of lipids with insaturados fatty acids (acid linoléico, 80% approximately).
Farmacológicos data
Studies made in dogs affected of hiperplasia prostate, have demonstrated that the roots of ortiga allow to reduce to a 70% the initial volume of the prostate [ 802 ]. Certain fractions of the extract by the root inhibit the growth of human prostate cells, but the mechanism of this action (in which the lectinas would perhaps take part) is still not known. Some authors mention the possibility of an interaction between the substances (not known) present in ortiga and séricas proteins associating androgens normally, interaction that would induce to a variation of 806 the free androgen concentration [ ]. During a study made on the dietetic value of protein concentrating of leaves, he has been stated an increase of colesterolemia (coberry) and one hipertrofia of the kidneys (coberry, mouse) [ 807 ]. The diurética action has been observed in a study made with a watery extract of the aerial parts, in rat [ 808 ].
The polisacarídica fraction of the watery extract by the roots is antiinflammatory forehead to edema caused by the carragenatos in rat leg [ 800 ]. The lectina stimulates the proliferation of the human lymphocytes.
Observations in the Man
In the man an evident increase of the urinary volume has been observed, slight diminution of the systolic pressure and no 809 modification of ionograma [ ]. In other carried out studies in a ten of patients, it is demonstrated that the administration of a preparation by root of ortiga during two months diminishes nicturia considerably, reduces the later urinary remainder to the micción and seems to diminish the prostate volume appreciated by ecografía. This type of preparations is, at least, of the same activity that obtained from the crust of serrulata Sabal or the fruits of the plum tree of 810 Africa [ ].
Use
The following indications are recognized: treatment of the inflammatory states of the urinary routes, prevention and treatment of the renal litiasis; [ 811 is not due to use in cases of renal insufficiency ]. The root extract is also used in the treatment of the benign adenoma of prostate. Also it presents/displays reconstituyentes and remineralizantes properties. The acute toxicity of the plant is very low (D.L.50 of a watery extract of the aerial parts: 3,625 g/kg, mouse, i.p. [ 808 ]).
The drug
The leaves and stems are covered with very urticantes hairs, specially abundant at level of peciolo. The flowers have four greenish sépalos and they are grouped in clusters raised (masculine inflorescencias) or curved (feminine inflorescencias). The root, graft, robust, is of yellow color. The microscopic study of the leaves shows, in addition to epidérmicas cells with urticantes cistolitos, hairs with a pointed cell, on a bulb to basilar inflation, pluricellular. These hairs are fragile and they are broken easily releasing its content that is very irritating.
Bibliography
[ 798 ] N. CHAURASIA and M. WICHTL
Phenylpropane und Lignane aus to der Wurzel von dioica Urtica
Dtsch. Apoth.-Ztg., 126, 1559-1563, 1986; you go, ibid., 81-83.
[ 799 ] N. CHAURASIA and M. WICHTL
Sterols and steryl glycosides from dioica Urtica
J. Nat. Prod., 50, 881-1885, 1987.
[ 800 ] H. WAGNER, F. WILLER and B. KREHER
Biologisch aktive Verbindungen aus dem Wasserextrakt von dioica Urtica
Med 55, 452-454, 1989 Plants.
[ 801 ] W.J. PEUMANS, M. OF LAW and W. BROEKAERT
Unusual An lectin from stinging nettle (dioica Urtica) rhizomes
FEBS Letter, 177, 99-103, 1984.
[ 802 ] H.W. BAUER
Benigne Prostatahyperplasie II - Zweite Klinish-experimentelle Konferenz zu Fragen to der benignen Prostatahyperplasie, Munich, W. Zuckschwerdt Verlag, 1988: mentioned in H. SCHILCHER, R. BOESEL, S. EFFENBERGER and S. SEGEBRECHT, Neuere Untersuchungsergebnisse mit aquaretisch, antibakteriell und prostatotrop wirksamen Arzneipflanzen, Z. für Phytother., 10, 77-82, 1989.
[ 803 ] J. LUTOMSKI and H. SPEICHERT
Die Brennessel in Helikunde und Ernährung. Pharmazie in unserer Zeit, 12, 181-193, 1983.
[ 804 ] N. CHAURASIA and M. WICHTL
Flavonol glycosides from dioica Urtica.
It plants Med., 53, 432-434, 1987.
[ 805 ] S. ANDERSEN and J.K. WOLD
Water-soluble glycoprotein from dioica Urtica leaves
Phytochemistry, 17, 1875-1877, 1978.
[ 806 ] G. STILLE
Pharmakologie to pflanzlicher Prostatapräparate - Rückblick und Ausblilck
Urologe [ B ], 27, 313-315, 1987. On this subject, to be sent to an article of H. SCHILCHER, Or DUNZENDORFER and F. ASCALI, D-7 stérol, DAS prostatroped Wirkprinzip in Kürbissamen, idid., 27 316- 319, 1989, and perhaps, to indicate the presence, in both cases (and the one of serrulata Sabal) of esteroles little dfererentes (D-7 and D-5 hydroxi-7).
[ 807 ] R.E. HUGHES, P. ELLERY, T. HARRY, V. JENKINS and E. JONES
Potential The dietary of the common nettle
J. Sci. Food. Agric., 31, 1279-1286, 1980.
[ 808 ] B. LASHERAS, P. TURILLAS and E. CENARRUZABEITIA
Etude pharmacologique préliminaire of spinosa Prunus L. Amelanchier ovalis Medikus, Juniperus communis L. and dioica Urtica L.
Plant Méd. Phytother., 20, 219-226, 1986.
[ 809 ] H.W. KIRCHHOFF
Brennesselsaft als Diuretikum
Z. für Phytother., 4, 621-626, 1983.
[ 810 ] P. GOETZ
Die Behandlung to der mit Brennesselwurzeln benignen Prostatahyperplasie
Z. für Phytother., 10, 175-178, 1989' this work has been completed and translated under the title: Treatment of the prostate adenoma with root of ortiga, in: Revue of phytothérapie practices, (2), 9-13, 1989.
[ 811 ] H. SCHILCHER
Pflanzliche Diuretika
Urologe [ B ], 27, 215-222, 1987; you go, Urtica-Arten. Die Brennessel, Z. für Phytother., 9, 160-164, 1988.
Diseases in whose treatment this plant is adapted
Artrosis
Arthritis
Osteoporosis
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