Herbaceous plant of green or violáceos quadrangular stems, simple leaves, opposed lanceoladas and teethed, weakly bilabiadas with corola purple, grouped flowers in ears very tightened, characterizes to this hybrid vivaz that is multiplied by estolones (spicata aquatica M. L. x M. L.)
Origin
The denomination of the different forms from this hybrid (appeared initially in England) is generally confused [ 560-562 ]: the form officinalis rubescens (Mitcham) is cultivated (the United States, Europe), the white mint (it forms palescens) is cultivated in Russia and the called mint Hungarian, (sylvestris rubescens) cultivates itself throughout.
Chemical composition
Next to the essential oil that is considered like the active principle, the leaf contains in addition triterpenos, carotenoid and flavonoides. Some are flavonas highly oxygenated [ 563 ]. This type of compounds is identical to which it characterizes to certain quimiotipos of the thyme.
• essential Oil. Their composition and the variations of this one have been object of hundreds of publications. According to Gilly [ 560 ] the majority component is always mentol (30 to 40%), accompanied by mentona (15-25% in the case of the Mitcham, half in the white mint) and by acetate of mentilo (more abundant in the white mint); also are isomentona, neomentol, cineol, mentofurano, germacreno D and other hydrocarbons. These proportions vary according to you will cultivate them, ej.: mentol can exceed 50%, the mentofurano and isomentona seem to vary between 0 and 10% [ 564 ]. The flowers and leaves provide 565 different an essential oil [ ] and numerous factors influence in their composition: climatic conditions of culture, variations, periods of harvesting and also obtaining procedure.
Farmacológicos data
Although the drug enjoys a solid reputation (in individual to alleviate the gastrointestinales pains) its pharmacology has been very little studied. What one has studied mainly has been the espasmolítica activity of the essential oil. This one dissolved in water, in an average acid polioxietilénico ester, is active on íleon, and more weakly on the trachea of coberry in vitro (566 87 CI50 = 26 and mg/l) [ ]. Other works of investigation confirm the antispasmodic action and show that mentol is component the more 567 assets [ ]. Foster ET to (1980) demonstrated the inhibiting action of the mint on the contractions of íleon of coberry, induced by acetilcolina.
The essential oil of mint (3 mg/kg, i.v.) he is active on the sphincter of Oddi of coberry: ] increases to the contraction induced by morphine [ 568. On the other hand, mentol, like other terpenos, prevents the formation with plates of ateroma in rabbits submissive a regime enriched in cholesterol, increases the cholesterol of fraction HDL but, peculiarly, cholesterol inhibits lecitin - aciltransferasa (enzyme implied in the process of the transport of the cholesterol by HDL) [ 569 ]. This alcohol, mixed (32%) with other monocyclical monoterpenos reduces to the activity of the H.M.G. CoA reductasa in rat (2 g/kg) [ 570 ].
The activity attributed to the infusions must, probably, to the flavonoides.
Observations in the Man
The espasmolítica action of the essential oil of piperita mint allows, according to Dew and col., to obtain good results in the pathology of the 571 colon [ ]. The use of the essential oil has been equally effective to obtain the local relaxation of muscular fibers in the test of the coloscopia [ 572 ].
Use
Although they have been possible to give to exceptional cases of poisoning [ 573 ], the drug lacks toxicity, which does not happen with the essential oil and its components whose prolonged administration (1 month) it induces in rat, to histopatológicas modifications at level of encéfalo (essential oil, 40-100 mg/kg) which had without a doubt pulegona [ 574 ]. The daily dose, nonsuperable, of mentol has paid attention to 0,2 mg/kg. The mint, of free sale, for a long time, is used widely in infusion like "hygienic and placentera drink" for "facilitating the digestion". Under its different forms, the mint is indicated in the symptomatic treatment of the smaller digestive upheavals: slow digestions, gas accumulation, flatulencia, etc.. and like colerético.
The drug
The limb of the leaf of the piperita mint measures of 3-9 cm in length and of 1-3 cm in width; it is acuminado, asymmetric in the base and bordered of acute teeth. Main and lateral nerves (oriented 45º) are prominent in the inferior face. The microscopic examination reveals, among others, secretory hairs with head monkey or to octocelular on a always monocellular foot. The C.C.F. of the clorometilénico extract sample that mentol gives to the most intense band [ 562 ] and that carvona and pulegona are absent. The essential oil (> 1.2% V/m) is equally oficinal, unless it contains from 4.5 to 10% of esters calculated in acetate of mentilo, from 15 to 32% of calculated carbonilados compounds in mentona and at least 44% of free alcohol, calculated in mentol (French Farmacopea, Julio 1987).
[ 561 ] Etant donné that M. x p. est groupe hybridogène To Jacquin-dubreuil and G.G. AYMONIN précisent that l'on doit préférentiellement to parler of nothomophes (nm.), them trois nm. majeurs du groupe étant: M. x piperita piperita nm. (M. noire), nm, officinalis (M. bEtant donné that M. x p. est groupe hybridogène To Jacquin-dubreuil and G.G. AYMONIN précisent that l'on doit préférentiellement to parler of nothomophes (nm.
[ 562 ] j.-l. LAMAISON, A.P. CARNAT and To CARNAT
Poivrées Différenciation DES menthes, Mentha x piperita L. type Mitcham ET type Hongrie, cultivées in Auvergne.
Plant Méd. Phytothér., 21, 252-261, 1987.
[ 563 ] F. JULLIEN, B. VOIRIN, J. BERNILLON and J. Favre-bonvin
Highly oxygenated flavones from piperita Mentha
Phytochemistry, 23, 2972-2973, 1984.
[ 564 ] B. M. LAWRENCE
Progress in essential oils: peppermint oil
Perfume. Flavor., 13, (10-11), 66-71, 1988.
[ 565 ] M. MAFFEI and T. SACCO
Morphometrical Chemical and comparison between two peppermint notomorphs
It plants Med., 53, 214-216, 1987.
[ 566 ] M. REITER and W. BRANDT
Tracheal Relaxant effects on and ileal smooth muscles of the Guinea Pig
Arzneim.-Forsch., 35, 408-414, 1985; to also see: W. BRANDT, Spasmolytische Wirkung to ätherischer Öle
Z.Phytother., 9, 33-39, 1988.
[ 567 ] I. TADDEI, D. GIACHETTI, And TADDEI, P. MANTOVANI and E. BIANCHI
Spasmolytic activity of peppermint, sage and rosemary essences and to their major constituents
Fitoterapia, 59, 463-468, 1988; to also see H.B. FOSTER, H. NIKLAS, S. LUTZ, Antiespasmodic effects I. TADDEI, D. GIACHETTI, And TADDEI, P. MANTOVANI and E. BI.
[ 568 ] D. GIACHETTI, And TADDEI and I. TADDEI
Essential Pharmacological activity of oils on Oddís to sphincter
It plants Med., 54, 389-392, 1988.
[ 569 ] R.V. COONEY, J. NEMHAUSER and R.J. MORIN
Inhibition of human lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase by monoterpenes
Lipids, 19, 371-373, 1979.
[ 570 ] To MIDDLETON, B. MIDDLETON, D.A. WHITE and G. DUNCAN BELL
The effects of monocyclic terpenes on hepatic S-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzymme To reductase in alive
Biochem. Soc. Trans., 7, 407-408, 1979.
[ 571 ] M.J. DEW, B.K. EVANS and J. RHODES
For oil Peppermint the null and voidable bowel syndrome: to it multicenters trial
Bbr. J. Clin. Prac., 38, 394-398, 1984.
[ 572 ] R.J. LEICESTER and R.H. HUNT
Oil Peppermint to reduces colonic spasm during endoscopy
Lancet, 2, 989, 1982.
[ 573 ] L. AUGISEAU, And BARBIN and j.-f VERBIST
It unites intoxication even unites infusion of menthe
Plant Méd. Phytothér., 21, 149-152, 1987.
[ 574 ] And THORUP, G. WÜRTZEN, J. CARSTENSEN and P. OLSEN
Short term toxicity study in oil Rats dosed with peppermint
Toxicol Lett., (19), 211-215, 1983; you go, short term toxicity study in Rats dosed with pulegone and menthol, ibid, 207-210; you go, short term toxicitY. THORUP, G. WÜRTZEN, J. CARSTENSEN and P. OLSEN
Short term toxi.
Diseases in whose treatment this plant is adapted
Dispepsias
Disquinesias biliary
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