Meliloto; al.: Echter (Gelber) Steinklee; ingl.: Yelow (field) melilot.
Flowery Suminidad
This herbaceous plant presents/displays trifoliadas leaves and small flowers reunited in extended clusters. The fruit is a small ovoidea and indehiscente case. The next species as white M. Medicus (also albus exists the denomination) also is used in popular medicine.
Origin
Meliloto grows the ways on the brink of madness, in the grass and barbechos, generally in argillaceous and saline grounds. One is in almost all Europe, safe in the South end, and is little common in the most northern zones. Species M. dawn also very is extended.
Chemical composition
The different species from the sort little are known as far as their chemistry. Besides to contain saponósidos whose geninas are derived from the oleaneno (sojasapogenoles B, and, melilotigenina) [ 279 ] M. officinalis also contains flavonoides. Numerous polifenólicos compounds are had isolated: flavonoides (I gave-C-arabinosil to apigenina, derivative oligosacarídicos of kenferol [ 280 ], cumarina and 285 derivatives [ ]) and mainly, after infestación by fungi, isoflavonoides that are antifúngicas fitoalexinas [ on the fitoalexinas, to see 286 ]. Cromanos these, fenil-3, are represented specially by pterocarpanos: medicarpina (3-hidroxi 9-metoxi pterocarpano and 281 derivatives [ ]). Also the presence of melitocarpanos A-e is characteristic of this species [ 282 ].
The component assets of meliloto are the cumarina (0,4-1%). Although the extraction is made with the stabilized drug, which aisla is not the cumarina, but the melilotósido one, glucósido of o-hidroxicinámico acid in configuration Z. When the weaves are injured, one ß-glucosidasa hidroliza heterósido and the acid released lactoniza quickly in 283 cumarina [ ]. Its maximum content is in the young leaves.
In case meliloto is contaminated by fungi, the melilotósido one is susceptible to metabolizar itself in a dimérica structure, dicumarol [ 284 ].
Farmacológicos data
Old works made in different experimental models (edema by carragenatos, formol [ 285 and thermal ref mentioned ] as well as edema) demonstrated that the extract of meliloto is antiinflammatory and antiedematoso. The extract enriched in flavonoides (associate to the rutósido one) inhibits of important form edema by ovalbúmina (rat). Also he is active in the smooth musculatura of the glasses: it increases the flow venous, it diminishes the hair permeability, it invests the vasoconstricción caused by the adrenalin, exerts a favorable action in isquemia cardiac by coronary tie (dog). On the other hand, it increases the flow lymphatic and it accelerates the consecutive reabsorción of edemas to an experimental tromboflebitis (dog). The total extract of the drug exerts a favorable action in the healing and the regeneration of the weave. The cumarina increases the tissue oxigenación by means of the improvement of the microcirculation and stabilizes the membrane of the eritrocitos. An action mechanism has seted out to explain the action of this benzopirona: stimulation of the power of proteolisis of the macrophages and 287 the reticulo-endotelial system [ ].
Dicumarol, inducer of a vitamin deficiency K, confers to the drug an anticoagulating activity and, therefore, a certain toxicity (sometimes observed in the animals) [ 284 ].
Observations in the Man
Numerous clinical observations indicate to the interest of the association of meliloto and flavonoides, as much for a reason or purpose therapeutic as prophylactic, in 288 the lymphatic case of edemas [ ] and, more generally, in all the habitual manifestations of the vascular insufficiency. The activity of this association has been confirmed by a study as opposed to placebo of the muscular hemodinámica with Xenon133 [ 289 ].
Use
Meliloto is used traditionally in fitoterapia (galénicas tisanes and forms like capsules and liquid hidroalcohólicos extracts) to deal with the subjective manifestations the venous insufficiency, the hemorroidal sintomatología and in the symptomatic treatment of the functional upheavals of the cutaneous hair fragility. The extract of meliloto and the criomolido total dust are advised in the treatment of the symptoms related to the venolinfática insufficiency (heavy legs, edemas) and in the one of the hemorroidal crisis.
In Spain the use of this plant for the venous insufficiency like heavy and hemorroides legs is authorized. Functional upheavals of the cutaneous hair fragility like petequias, etc.
The drug
The canaliculado stem presents/displays trifoliadas alternating leaves with estípulas lanceoladas. The inflorescencia is an extended cluster of yellow flowers. The chalice presents/displays 5 unequal teeth, the standard of the corola is longer than the wings that, as well, are longer than the keel. The aquenios, ovoid, finish in a short end in the superior part and, often, they are surrounded by the chalice. The leaves and the stems present/display curved bicellular tectores hairs in right angle. These characters and the reaction with the dinitrogenada p-nitranilina of the decocción allow the identification of the drug. The C.C.F. made with a metanólico extract reveals the presence of the cumarina and o-cumárico acid.
Bibliography
[ 279 ] S.S. KANG and W.S. WOO
Melilotigenin, to new sapogenin from M. officinalis
J. Nat. prod., 51, 335-338, 1988
[ 280 ] G.F. NICOLLIER and A.C. THOMSON
Phytotoxic compounds from white Melilotus (White sweet to clover) and isolation of two new flavonoids
J. Agric. Food Chem., 30, 760-764, 1982; to also see: J. B. HARBORNE ET C.A. WILLIAMS, Flavone and flavonol glycosides, in:G.F. NICOLLIER and A.C. THOMSON
Phytotoxic compounds from white Melilotus (White sweet to clover) and isolation of two n
[ 281 ] J.L. INGHAM
Fungal modification of pterocarpan phytoalexins from white Melilotus and pratense Trifolium
Phytochemistry, 15, 1489-1495, 1976.
[ 282 ] T. MIYASE, To OHTSUBO, UENO, T. NORO, M. KUROYANAGI and S. FUKUSHIMA
Studies on the pterocarpans from white Melilotus Desr.
Chem. Pharm. Bull., 30, 1986-1991, 1982.
[ 283 ] S.A. BROWN
Coumarins. In: The biochemistry of plants, P.K. STUMPF ET E.E. CONN, éds., London, Academic press, vol 7, p. 269-300, 1981.
[ 284 ] P.R. CHEEKE and L.R. SHULL
Natural toxicants in feeds and poisonous plants, Westport, AVI Pub Co, p. 186-189, 1985.
[ 285 ] G. HARNISCHFEGER and H. STOLZE
Bewáhrte Wirksubstanzen aus Naturstoffen - Steinklee
Notabene Medici, 10, 550-555, 1980.
[ 286 ] J.A. BAILEY and J.W. MANSFIELD
Phytoalexins, Glasgow, Blackie, 1982; (notamment: J.L. INGHAM: phytoalexins from the Leguminosae, p. 21-80)
[ 287 ] M. GABOR
The pharmacology of benzopyrone derivatives and related compounds, Budapest, Akadémiai Kiadó, 1988.
[ 288 ] F. DESMONS and M. SIMONS
Apropos of l'action d'une préparatión associant extrait of mélilot ET rutine the hydrosoluble south troubles them trophiques DES membres inférieurs d'origine vasculaire
Lille Med., 20, (suppl) 76-78, 1975; to also see: C. GÜNTHER, Zur PhF. DESMONS and M. SIMONS
Apropos of l'action d'une préparatión associant extrait of mélilo
[ 289 ] N. LANGUILLAT
Etude in double aveugle contre placebo of l'activité veinotonique d'Esberiven®: évolution of l'hémodynamique musculaire DES membres inférieurs appréciée grâcee au xénon 133
Act. Med. Int. - Angiologie, 5, (88), 1-4, 1989.
[ 290 ] Mélilot, to dossier toxicologique. Travaux DES Laboratoires ARKOPHARMA
Diseases in whose treatment this plant is adapted
Varices
ProductosList of Products of HIPERnatural.COM with :
Productos
Add to Favorite
