Matricaria, Great camomile; ingl.: Feverfew, Midsummerdaisy
Aerial Parts
Grass vivaz with ramosos stems and very olorosas soft leaves pinnatisectas. The T. parthenium (= Chrysanthemum parthenium Bernh.) it is characterized by corimbo terminal dense of 5-30 heterogamos chapters that open in July-August [ 264 ].
Origin
It is a plant very extended in the Balkan Mountains. It was introduced in the British islands and later in continental Europe, where one has adapted easily. Nitrófila, grows near the houses, throughout the walls and between 264.265 the humid rubbish [ ].
Chemical composition
The aerial parts of the plant are rich in substances coming from the metabolism of mevalónico acid [ 266 ]: monoterpénicos esters bicyclical derivatives of the pinano and the bornano, sesquiterpénicos hydrocarbons (germacreno D, ß-farneseno...), costato of methyl. Also, it contains esters of enoles espirocetálicos poliínicos (predominant in the underground organs of the plant).
The activities observed in vitro must to the presence of lactonas sesquiterpénicas that are in their totality 267 to-methylenes butirolactonas [ ]. The content oscillates between 0.1 and 0.5% [ 268 ]. The main component is germacranólido, partenólido [ 266 ] that appears accompanied of similar derivatives (artemorina, costunólido) and of guayanólidos monkey and diepóxidos (canine, artecanino), endoperóxidos and derived formed by opening (dry-tanapartano'lidos To and B). Guayanólidos chlorinated possibly [ 269 have been discovered ].
Farmacológicos data
Considering that the Matricaria is used traditionally by its antimigrañosos effects, the investigation has been oriented towards the study in vitro of its properties on plaquetas: it is known with certainty that migraña is bound to anomalies of the plaquetario operation [ 270 ]. The extract of the drug inhibits the plaquetaria aggregation [ 271.273 ] by inhibition of fosfolipasa A2 [ 274 ] and, more exactly, by the action at level of 271 protein-kinasa Cs [ ]. It inhibits the serotonin liberation caused by the A.D.P. or 273 adrenalin [ ], as well as the desgranulación of the granulocitos. The division of the extract demonstrates that to-methylene butirolactonas is the people in charge of this activity [ 267 ]: methylene exo of these lactonas must be added (reaction of Michaël) to tioles of enzymatic proteins implied in the mechanisms of aggregation and desgranulación because the addition of cisteína to the extracts of Tanacetum neutralizes the antisecretory effects of these on the 272 trombocitos [ ]. The watery extracts of the plant disturb the two metabolic routes of araquidónico acid in the leukocytes of rat in vitro [ 274 ]. Its effects on the mechanism of plaquetario araquidónico acid [ 272 is complex ]. The extracts of the drug and the partenólido one in vitro develop to noticeable 275 cytotoxic properties [ ].
Observations in the Man
After the interest provoked by a survey made with a hundred of 268 habitual consumers [ ], was previously made a clinical study to double blind person with capsules of T. pulverized parthenium in a restricted population of patients dealt with this drug [ 27ã ]. The results of this study suggest it drug constitutes a good prophylactic treatment of the migrañosa crisis: the frequency and the severity of the upheavals do not increase in the treated group, nevertheless, yes do it in the group that receives placebo. Although some methodologic points of this test have been criticized [ 277 ], the therapeutic potentiality of this drug and of his components she is very indicative if it considers that is confirmed in a clinical test to double blind person made with 72 volunteers [ 276b ].
Precautions
Risk of appearance of ulceraciones in the buccal mucosa and the language with the consumption of fresh plant.
Use
Signs are not known acute toxicity. As much in rat as in coberry, the dose consumption 100 times superior to the doses equivalent to the consumed ones by the man does not produce any toxic manifestation [ 278 ].
The mentioned survey previously, reveals a nondespicable frequency (17,9%) of indirect effect: buccal ulceración, 278 abdominal pains... [ ]. Before the absence of more complete studies, most prudent it is to avoid the use of the drug on the part of people who develop allergy to Asteráceas with lactonas, as well as on the part of pregnant women (could be ocitócica; the teratogénico risk never has not been evaluated). Also its consumption must be avoided during long 278 uninterrupted periods [ ].
In Spain the use of this plant in the treatment of the fever and headache is authorized, in special in the cases of migrañas (jaquecas), since it prevents the frequency with appearance of the migraines and the intensity of the same ones.
One also attributes to a regulating effect of the menstruation and treatment to him of stomach and dental pains.
The drug
The leaves of the base, long pecioladas, are pinnatisectas in 3-7 pairs of elliptical oblong segments, subdivided as well in trimmed or whole lobes. The leaves of the superior part, short pecioladas, clearly less are divided. It presents/displays chapters of 12 to 22 mm of diameter, with I involve of brácteas laciniadas with narrow escariosos margins. Liguladas feminine flowers of white color, with lígulas of 2-7 mm, yellow, hermafroditas tubuladas flowers. The aquenios irregularly have pappus (vilano) short in form of lobulada crown. T. can be distinguished parthenium of the next species observing present the pluricellular nonsecretory tricommas and uniseriados in fragments of epidermis. The sesquiterpénicas analysis of lactonas can be made by means of C.C.F. Also can take place their valuation by means of infrared espectrofotometría, very trustworthy method [ 265 ].
Bibliography
[ 264 ] V. H. HEYWOOD
Tanacetum. In: Flora Europaea, T. G. TUTIN, V. H. HEYWOOD, N. To BURGES, D. M. MOORE, D. H. VALENTINE, S.M. the WALTERS ET D. To WEBB, éds., Cambridge, University press, vol 4, p. 169-171, 1976.
[ 265 ] M.I. BERRY
Feverfew phases the future
Pharm. J., 232, 611-614, 1984; about the essential oil to see: H. L. OF POOTER, J. VERMEESCH and N. M. SCHAMP. Essencial The oils of Tanacetum vulgare L. and Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz Bip., J. Ess. Oil Head of cattle, 1, M.I. BERRY
[ 266 ] F. BOHLMANN and C. ZDERO
Sesquiterpene lactones and to other constituents from Tanacetum parthemium
Phytochemistry, 21, 2543-2549, 1982.
[ 267 ] W.A. GROENEWEGEN, D. W. KNIGHT, S. HEPTINSTALL
Compounds extracted from feverfew that have anti-secretory activity contain an a-methylene-butyrolactone unit.
J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 38, 709-712, 1986; to also see: M.J. BEGLEY, M. J. HEWLETT and D. W. KNIGHTW.A. GROENEWEGEN, D. W. KNIGHT, S. HEPTINSTALL
Compounds extracted from feverfew that have anti-secretory activ
[ 268 ] P.HYLANDS
Prophylactic treatment of migraine with feverfew
Pharmacy Update, (07-08), 272-276, 1986.
[ 269 ] H. WAGNER, B. FESSLER, H. LOTTER and V. WRAY
New chlorine-containing sesquiterpene lactones from Chrysanthemum parthenium
It plants Med., 54, 171-172, 1988.
[ 270 ] And HANINGTON, R. J. JONES, J. To L. AMESS and J.R.A. WACHOWICZ
Migraine: to platelet to disorder
Lancet, 2, 720-723, 1981.
[ 271 ] S. HEPTINSTALL, To WHITE, L. WILLIAMSON and J.R. To MITCHELL
Extracts of feverfew inhibit granulates secretion in blood platelets and to polymorphonuclear leucocytes
Lancet, 1, 1071-1074, 1985; to also see, relative to this hypothesis, the works of B. FESSLER, S. HEPTINSTALL, To WHITE, L. WILLIAMSON and J.R. To MITCHELL
Extracts of feverfew inhibit granulates secretion in blood platelets and polymorphonuclea[272 ] S.HEPTINSTALL, W. To GROENEWEGEN, P. SPANGENBERG and W. LOESCHE
Extracts of feverfew may inhibit platelet behaviour via neutralization of sulphydryl groups
J. Pharm Pharmacol., 39, 459-465, 1987.
[ 273 ] F. CAPASSO
The effect of an aqueous extract of Tanacetum parthenium L. on arachidonic acid metabolism by peritoneal Rat leucocytes
J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 38, 71-72, 1986.
[ 274 ] A.N. MAKHEJA and J.M. BAILEY
To platelet the phospholipase inhibitor from medicinal herb feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium)
[ 275 ] L.A.J. ÓNEILL, M. L. BARRETT and G.P. LEWIS
Extracts of feferfew inhibit mitogen-induced human peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation and cytokine mediated responses: to cytotoxic effect.
Br. J. clin. Pharmacol., 23, 81-83, 1987.
[ 276 ] (a) And S. JOHNSON, N. P. KADAM, D. M. HYLANDS and P. J. HYLANDS
Efficacy of feverfew ace prophylactic treatment of migraine
Br. Med. J., 291, 569-573, 1985.
(b) J.J. MURPHY, S. HEPTINSTALL and J. R. To MITCHELL
Randomised double-blind placebo-controlle(a) - And S. JOHNSON, N. P. KADAM, D. M. HYLANDS and P. J. HYLANDS
Effic
[ 277 ] J.C. BARON
Peut-il him chrysanthème prévenir migraine?
Concours Med., 109, 264, 1987.
[ 278 ] C.A. BALDWIN, L.A. ANDERSON and J.D. PHILLIPSON
What pharmacists should know about feverfew
Pharm. J., 235-238, 1987.
Diseases in whose treatment this plant is adapted
Migraña
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