The antiquity of the maize has been dating for 7.000 years. The mesoamericanas cultures based their economy on their culture. Its importance is, to the present time, in being basic food and a gramínea with great medicinal properties. To a large extent of the country it has diverse applications, mainly in sufferings of renal type like inflammation of the kidney, calculations and badly of rust, for it they cocen the Cabellitos de Elote and the resulting water is taken like tea. The cofoundation of these is used like diurético, to increase the pressure sanguineous and to desinflamar the kidney, in addition they are used the Vellitos de Elote against diseases of the liver like hepatitis and malaises of the heart. Asimisrno, is considered him to this plant, like antispasmodic and antihemorrágico.
Plant that reaches up to 4 ms of height, has the hollow stem and extended narrow leaves that surround it. Their flowers are born in cluster form and the fruits or mazorcas have hard grains of diverse colors. It lives in warm and cold climates. It grows associate to the tropical forest caducifolia, subcaducifolia and perennifolia, scrub xerófilo, forests mesófilo of mountain, encino and compound of pine.
CHARACTERISTICS: He is one of the cereals that greater height reaches, because it can arrive at the 2 ms if the environmental conditions are to him favorable. It is an annual plant, with the straight stem, raised, without ramifications and, unlike which it happens in other plants of his same family, he is not hollow but compact. The leaves are almost as long as the stem, of approximately a meter and, although it does not seem it at first, of a width of more than 10 cm. Nevertheless, it gives the impression that they are long and narrow tapes. They are united to the stem embracing it, and to the tact they are rough. The maize has two types of flowers: masculine and feminine. You cry them masculine they are located in the end of the stem and mature after the feminine ones, reason why the polinización in a same plant is the rarest phenomenon. The feminine ones are next to the knots of the stem, in the same point of which they take the leaves: they are developed around a heavy axis in ball of yarn form (mazorca),
Arising from each flower a very long filament that is entangled with the neighbors, appearing by the end of mazorca as a horse tail (it is what estigmas is denominated, hair or tail). When maturing, each flower originates a maize grain, the set which it is had helically around the central axis. One also denominates wheat of India and wheat to him of Turkey.
LOCATION: It is an original plant of the American continent, where it would grow in wild state if the man had not cultivated it; today, the plantations have made forget their origin.
Used Part
The styles, the seeds (the starch, the oil and its insaponofocable fraction).
- Styles: The potassium salts, as well as the flavonoides, confer diuréticas and slightly hypotensile properties to him. The ferments have a hipoglucemiante action; the tannins, astringent. Alantoína has a demulcente and reepitelizante activity.
- maize Oil, by its poliinsaturados fatty acids, has a hipolipemiante, antiateromatosa action.
- insaponificable Fraction is used, in toothpaste form, to prevent the alveolodental piorrea.
- the dextrin, coming from partial hydrolysis of the starch, has dietetic applications.
Properties and indications: the maize grain contains glúcidos or carbon hydrates (70-77%), proteins (7'%-10%) and fats (3%-5%), in addition to minerals and oligoelementos (mainly, fluorine). Its protein is more complete of which it thought, although something inferior to the one of the wheat and rather less complete than the one of the soybean. Nevertheless, like the rice, emphasizes by its deficiency of gluten, proteinic substance that can cause an inflammatory reaction in the intestinal mucosa, well-known disease like celiaquía. These are the applications of the maize grain:
Emollient and protector of the intestinal mucosa: the maize and its flour, thanks to its total deficiency of gluten, those who are very useful for suffer celiaquía, and in general, for the children who undergo bad intestinal absorption or diarreas chronicles. At the moment, in the case of the suckling babies, it is recommended to begin the diet of transition, of single milk to which it includes cereal flour, with papillas of maize or rice, that when lacking gluten, is tolerated better than those of wheat, barley or rye, that yes contain it.
Restrainer of the metabolism: the relentiza maize the activity of the gland thyroid, and therefore restrains the metabolism. It is recommended to the convalescent, anemic hipertiroideos and and the undernourished ones, like reconstituyente. He is useful in the diets of fattening.
However, it agrees to indicate that the protein of the maize, call zeína, is poor in triptófano lisina and, two essential amino acids, as well as in niacina, a vitaminic factor. Therefore the towns that feed themselves solely with maize, tend to undergo nutritious deficiencies, that can cause diseases to them like pelagra. However, the maize combined with other cereals, leguminosas or milk, that is to say, like a component more than a varied diet, is a very nutritious food and that contributes to replace the proteinic necessities of the diet.
Reduction of the cholesterol: the oil that is extracted of the maize germ is very rich in insaturados fatty acids, reason why it is suitable to those who have excess of cholesterol in the blood.
Externally, the maize flour is applied in hot cataplasms on the kidneys in case of renal cólico, as well as on vejiga urinary in case of cystitis. Its effect power if they are used jointly with the infusion of styles.
The styles or estigmas of the maize, that form their beautiful hair, are in fact fine conduits that end at the ovary of their flowers. By them they penetrate grains of polen that they fertilize them. They are rich in potassium and flavonoides, that confer diurética action to them; they contain alantoína, that makes sedatives and antiinflammatory; and in addition, tannins and steroids. Its diurética and purifying action intense and is very well tolerated, without irritating the kidneys nor producing descompensación in the electrolytic balance of the blood. They are possible to be taken during long periods of time. Very they are indicated in the following cases:
Circulatory affections: edemas (retention of liquids), swollen legs (even in the pregnancy), cardiac affections, arterial hypertension, excess of salt in the diet.
Litiasis renal, or due to úricos calculations, of phosphate or oxalato; renales cólicos, by its sedative and antiinflammatory action.
Inflammations of the kidney (nefritis), of vejiga of tinkle it (cystitis), albumen in tinkles it (nefrosis).
Drop (excess of úrico acid), arthritism, edemas subpalpebrales (bags underneath the eyes), and whenever it is wanted to eliminate the excess of accumulated toxins in the blood (for example, after to have passed an influenza).
Use: The maize and its flour take in multitude from forms and plates like a food more. In infusion of styles, 30 grams by liter of water; it is taken it warms up or fries, in the morning or in the evening, but not at night, at the rate of 3 to 5 daily cups. The oil is obtained from the germ of the maize grain; it is used as any other oil of kitchen, preferably crude.
Externally, in maize flour cataplasms that are applied I warm up on the kidneys or vejiga during about 10 minutes, 2-3 daily times. In case of renal cólico and cystitis they are combined with the ingestion of infusions of styles.
Precautions: the maize styles, by its noticeable diurético effect, they are advises against two for those who suffer of hipertrofia of the prostate.
Contraindications
Its use like diurético in the presence of hypertension, cardiopathies or moderate renal insufficiency or burdens, only must become by prescription and under medical checkup, before the danger that can suppose the uncontrolled contribution of liquids, the possibility that a tensional descompensación takes place or, if the potassium elimination is considerable, an involution of the effect of the cardiotónicos.
Not to prescribe forms of metering with alcoholic content for oral administration to smaller children of two years nor to consultantes in process of etílica deshabituación.
Precaution/Poisonings
The maize is a plant little studied in comparison to its ample popular use. It seems to be that in the styles isolated alkaloids exist not yet. In fact high doses can produce gastroenteritis, with cólicos pains and diarrea. For that reason we recommended to avoid its use (specially the extractive forms) during the pregnancy and the lactancia.
To consider the alcoholic content of the flowed extract, the dye and the syrup.
Galénicas Forms/Dosage
- Infusion: 10 g/l. To drink voluntarily.
- Decocción: 50 g/l, to boil 10 minutes. Three to six cups to the day.
- fluid Extract (1:1): 30-50 drops, one to four times to the day.
- It tinctures (1:10): 50-100 drops, one to three times to the day.
- watery Extract: 0,50 to 2 g/día.
- Syrup (10% of watery extract): 1 to 5 spoonfuls to the day.
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