Original tree of southern Asia, has been cultivated during thousands of years in China and India. In Europe it was sight like a mythical tree that throughout gave to fruit the year, until century IV to of C., in which they began to cultivate itself shaft and naranjos in the Old Continent, although, in honor to the truth, which it was concerned then were not shaft but citrons.
Family: Rutaceae
Synonymous: Citrus limonum Risso, medica Citrus var. lemon L.
Common name: Lemon tree
Place of origin: Native species of the Asian Southeastern.
Etimología: Citrus, comes from the Greek, and means lemon. Lemon, of its popular name.
Branch of the lemon tree, that shows to its flowers and fruits. The pulp of these last ones has antiescorbúticas, antiseptic properties and astringents.
The vitaminic load of the lemons is to tar, that is recommendable to consume this fruit frequently. Nevertheless, it is necessary to dilute his juice, that by its great acidity could damage the teeth.
It is a tree of up to 4 or 5 ms of height, smooth trunk, with the branches and young leaves of a pink tonality. The adult leaves are great, oval, hard, with a length pecíolo in whose base it appears a thorn. The flowers are formed by five white, grazed by the external face and white petals by the internal one. The fruit, the lemon, of about 10 cm in length, has oval form, with a projection in the end; its surface, very rough, is of intense yellow color; its skin, not very heavy, protects the fleshy part, divided in gores, very acid.
LOCATION: It lives in the forests temperings on India, on the foot of the Himalayas, and to the north of the Indochina peninsula; nevertheless, one has adapted to climates not very cold (it supports the low temperatures very badly). This beneficial tree has prospered in extensive zones of the Mediterranean coast. Nowadays it is cultivated in all America.
HARVESTING: The mature fruit throughout the year, and at any time we will find mature lemons in a same lemon tree; nevertheless, it seems to be that in autumn it is when more citric acid is accumulated.
USES And APPLICATIONS: He is one of the basic fruits of the human feeding, but never it must interfere single, the juice has to be diluted, because its high acid content can damage the set of teeth, Is the base of refrescantes drink multitude (simplest: juice of lemon diluted in water, with sugar). It is used like perfuming in cleaning products. The cosmetic industry uses it in products to fortify the nails, to smooth to the hands or p to strengthen the greasy skins. It gives brightness to the hair if it is used in the clarified one. Like homemade remedy for certain affections, their uses are also multiple. Against the drop, hypertension and arteriosclerosis the cure of the two novenas is recommended (two period of nine days): It consists of taking the first day, uninformed, the juice of a lemon (always diluted in water); the second, the one of two, and until ninth, in which the one is taken from nine lemons, the tenth other nine lemons, and is reducing the number of lemons, one every day until which does 18, in which will take juice from a single lemon. For the inflammations of the throat or sores in the mouth, garglings or rinsings with juice can be done of lemon diluted in water to half. In the heavy digestions, the juice can also be taken from lemon diluted in water and next a bicarbonate teaspoon diluted in a little water.
Description: Small little tree of 3-6 m of height, with numerous branches with hard and heavy thorns. Small branches young angular, round and later smooth. Unifoliadas leaves of pale green color, oblong to elliptical-ovadas, 6-12,5 cm in length and 3-6 cm in width. Short and obtuse end. Saw-dentated margin. Short and winged Pecíolo widely. Reddish young leaves. Solitary or in axillary clusters, reddish flowers in button state. White in the superior part and purple petals underneath. 20-40 estambres. Oblong or oval fruit, mamilado towards the ends, of 7-12 cm in length, clear or golden yellow. Rind more or less heavy and punteada of glands, depending on the varieties. Bitter and fragant juice. Small, ovoid and pointed seeds.
Data of culture: Its culture is similar to the one of naranjo, although the cold resists better. The juice of the lemon is used mainly like condimento and saborizante, although it is also consumed of other ways
Used Part
The fruit (pericarpio and pulp).
Active Principles
- Pericarpio: Essential oil * (until a 2.5%) of complex composition: (+)-limoneno, pineno, citral (mixture of neral and geranial), citronelal, terpinol, canfeno, felandreno, cumarinas (limetina, bergamotina), flavonoides (neohesperidósidos and rutinósidos). Vitamin C, carotenoid, mucílagos, oxalato calcic.
* F.R.G.: The essential oil of lemon must not less contain of 2.2% m/m and not more of 4.5% m/m of carboxílicos compounds, calculated like citral.
Farmacológica Action
The essential oil is antiseptic, eupéptico, carminativo and diurético, activity reinforced by the presence of flavonoides (citroflavonoides) that, in addition, they exert a vitaminic activity P: venotónica, vasoprotectora (reduces the hair permeability and increases their resistance. The pectina has a local, antidiarréico and protective effect hemostatic of the gastrointestinal mucosa. It is considered in addition antianemic, antivomiting, antipyretic, analgesic, remineralizante and antiesclerótico. In external use he is antiseptic, healing, hidratante and demulcente.
Indications
Varices, hemorroides, hair fragility, flebitis, arteriopatías, retinopatías, hypertension. States in which an increase of the diuresis is required: genitourinarias affections (cystitis, ureteritis, uretritis, pielonefritis, oliguria, urolitiasis), hiperazotemia, hiperuricemia, drop, arterial hypertension, edemas, overweight accompanied by retention of liquids.
Resfriados, influenza, convalecencia. Lack of appetite, dispepsias hyposecretory, meteorismo, gastric hyperacidity, disquinesia to hepatobiliar, vomits, diarrea, oxiurasis. Prevention of escorbuto.
In topical use: aftas, estomatitis, anginas, blefaritis, conjuntivitis, otitis, vulvovaginitis, dystrophy of the vaginal mucosa, wounds, dry skin, ictiosis, psoriasis.
Contraindications
Except for express indication, we recommended to abstain to internally prescribe essential oils during the pregnancy, the lactancia, to smaller children of six years or gastroduodenales patients with gastritis, ulcers, syndrome of the null and voidable intestine, ulcerosa colitis, neurological disease of Crohn, hepatopatías, epilepsy, Parkinson or other diseases.
Not to administer, neither to apply topically to smaller children of six years nor to people with respiratory allergies or well-known hypersensitivity to this one or other essential oils.
Not to prescribe forms of metering with alcoholic content for oral administration to smaller children of two years nor to consultantes in process of etílica deshabituación.
Indirect effect
He is relatively frequent the appearance of dermatitis of contact in bakers and pasteleros produced by the lemon crust.
Precaution/Poisonings
To administer with precaution the essential oil, mainly in children, by the possibility of appearance of allergic reactions due to hypersensitivity to the drug.
To avoid the exhibition to the sun after the topical application of essential oil, by the possibility of appearance of fotosensibilización phenomena.
To consider the alcoholic content of the fluid extract and the dye.
Galénicas Forms/Dosage
Internal use:
- Infusion: the crust of three lemons by liter. To instill 15 minutes. Three cups to the day, before the meals.
- essential Oil: 2 to 5 drops, twice to the day, in infusions, on a lump of sugar or in oleosa or alcoholic solution. Capsules (25 to 50 mg/cáps, 1 to 4 to the day).
- fluid Extract (1:1): 30-50 drops, one to three times to the day.
- It tinctures (1:10): 50-100 drops, two or three times to the day.
- Lemon juice: very used in average naturistas in form of you cure discontinuous.
- Decocción or maceration of the crust: A glass in uninformed (used popularly like vermifuge).
- Lemonade: juice of a lemon, with a teaspoon of sódico bicarbonate and one picks of salt, diluted in sweetened water, as drunk of febricitantes or in case of gastroenteritis.
External use:
- Juice, pure or diluted to 10%, applied in form of compresas, ocular washings, frictions, colutorios, garglings, coirises, baths, vaginal irrigations or óticas instilaciones.
Bibliography
Benigni, R; Capra, C; Cattorini, P. Piante Medicinali. Chimica, Farmacologia and Terapia. Milano: Inverni & Della Beffa, 1962, pp. 829-39.
Bézanger-Beauquesne, L; Pinkas, M; Torck, M. You plant dans to Them the Therapeutique Moderne. 2ª. Paris: Maloine, 1986, pp. 149-53.
Bézanger-Beauquesne, L; Pinkas, M; Torck, M; Trotin, F. Plantes Médicinales DES Regions Tempérées. Paris: Maloine, 1980, pp.159.
Bruneton, J. Elementos de Fitoquímica and Farmacognosia. Zaragoza: Acribia, 1991, p.260.
Fernandez, M; Grandson, To Plantas Medicinal. Pamplona: Editions University of Navarre, 1982, p. 118.
Fitomed. Information system in Fitomedicina. Cuba: Infomed, 1997 (http://www.infomed.sld.cu/fitomed/lim.html).
It ballast, JJ; Bachelor, LI. Medicinal plants in Asturias and the Cantabrian Cornice. Gijón: Trea editions, 1997, pp. 112-3.
Mulet, L. Estudio Etnobotánico of the Province of Castellón. Castellón: Provincial delegation, 1991, pp. 123-5.
Mulet, L. toxic Flora of the Valencian Community. Castellón: Provincial delegation, 1997, pp. 512.-3.
Paris, RR; Moyse, M. Précis de Matière Médicale. Take II. Paris: Masson, 1967, pp. 299-300.
Peris, JB; Stübing, G; Vanaclocha, B. Applied Fitoterapia. Valencia: M.I. Official school of Phamacists, 1995, pp. 345-6.
Peris, JB; Stübing, G; Figuerola, R. Gui'a of Plantas Medicinal of the Valencian Community. Valencia: The Provinces, 1996, p. 290.
Real Spanish Farmacopea. Essential oil of lemon. Madrid: Ministry of Health and Consumption, 1997, pp. 1234-6.
Samuelsson, G. Drugs of Natural Origin. To Textbook of Pharmacognosy. Stockholm: Swedish Pharmaceutical Press, 1992, p. 144.
Hellemont, J. Compendium de Phytotherapie go. Bruxelles: Association Pharmaceutique Belge, 1986, pp. 106-7.
Villar, L; Palacín, JM; Bald, C; Go'mez, D; Montserrat, G. Plantas Medicinal of the Pyrenean oscenses Aragonese and others tierrras. 2ª. Huesca: Provincial delegation, 1992, p. 67.
Wichtl, M. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceutical. To for Handbook Practice on to Scientific basis. Stuttgart: Medpharm Scientific Publishers, 1994, pp. 151-2.
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