True Lavanda; al.: Echter Lavendel; ingl.: True to lavender.
Sumidades flowery
Lavanda true is a shrub with raised stems nongraft whose superior part is lacking of leaves. These are of ash-gray green color, linear. The flowers, with chalice bluish color, are located in the armpit of the brácteas with little visible nerviaciones. They are grouped in long pedunculadas fine ears.
Origin
Lavanda true, spontaneous () in the Mediterranean western river basin, is cultivated in Spain, France and Bulgaria. Its area of distribution is similar to the one of espliego (L. Latifolia Medic.) with hybrid that (lavandines, L. x intermediate Emeric ex- Loisel.).
Chemical composition
Although the essential oil (1-3%) has given rise numerous tra low, the rest of the components little are known: ursólico acid, bitter flavonoides, substances.
Essential oil. Its composition varies based on numerous factors: according to its origin (lavandas of natural populations, lavandas clonales [ 690a ]), the climatic conditions, the conditions of obtaining [ 691, 692, 693 ]. The majority components of the essential oil of lavandas clonales are: linalol (30 to 40%) and acetate of linalilo (36 to 58%). The cariolifeno (2.6 to 6.3%) always is. Lavandas coming from natural populations, is poorer in octanona, linalol and clonales acetate of linalilo that lavandas [ 690b, 694 ], nevertheless is richer in acetate of lavandulilo?-terpineol, ß-ocímenos. Other components derived from the santalano, the cadinano are had isolated, etc. 695 carbonílicos compounds [ ] coming from cicloadiciones of ketones dienófilas on dienos (ocímenos, mirceno, etc...) could participate in their delicate aroma [ 696 ].
The essential oil of espliego is rich in cíñelo (30-40%) and camphor (15%), composed that are in very little amount in essential oils of lavandín.
Farmacológicos data
The farmacológicos data are few on lavanda, generally, is studies with the essential oil.
Like other many essential oils, the one of lavanda shows a verified antimicrobial activity in vitro with a commercial essence deterpenada [ 697 ]. This activity is weaker than the one of essential oils of romero, thyme or ajedrea.
The action of the essential oil on the S.N.C. is known from the end of century XIX: narcotic action to small doses (dog, via parenteral), whereas to high doses one takes place excitation, hallucination, tachycardia and acceleration of the breathing. Administered to the man, these same authors observe a hipnótico effect (1 g. to per you). Cardiac and respiratory effects are also observed that could make suppose that the drug has simpaticolíticas properties. They are not known as soon as the properties linalol. Those of the 1.8 camphor and those of cineol better is known and could explain some properties attributed to the essential oil of espliego.
Use
Being based on the tradition, at the moment the use of the drug and the different preparations with lavanda is advised, in the symptomatic treatment of the neurotónicos states, specially in case of upheavals of the dream and as antispasmodic in case of digestive upheavals. The use via external of prepared with flowers of lavanda is advised for the cleaning of the skin and like antálgica in affections of the orofaríngeas cavities buccal and, as well as for the buccal hygiene. The essential oil, of moderate toxicity, is used in aromaterapia and the product formulation of use by external route: soaps, lotions, creams healing disinfectants and... Perfumería and the cosmetic one also uses by their olorosas properties and their bartericida power that a good conservante does of him. The criomolida drug does not produce toxic manifestations (tests of 300 subacute acute toxicity 3 g/kg and mg/kg/día, rat, to per you, [ 698 ].
The drug
The leaves are laceoladas, with the coiled edges and of ash-gray green color. The flowers group in loose ears with brácteas and bracteolas. The microscopic examination of the flowers shows to graft tectores hairs and secretory hairs of two types. To be considered oficinal, the oil of lavanda must contain: between the 25 and 38% of linalol, between the 25 and 45% of acetate of linalilo, and between 0.2 to 0.5% and 0.3 and 1.5% of camphor and cineol respectively. These percentage, as well as those of the limoneno (0,1-0,5%) and those of &alfa;-terpineol (0,3-1%) are determined by means of C.G.
Bibliography
[ 689 ] the European Flora (3, 187-188, 1972) indicates that sinoni-
mia concerns the only subspecies angustifolia: it exists, in
effect, another subspecies, pyrenaica (DC.) Guinea, in nordes-
you of Spain. On the nomenclature of lavandas and lavandines
puedeLa European Flora (3, 187-188, 1972) indicates that sinoni-
mia concerns the only subspecies angustifolia: it exists, in
effect, another subspecies, pyrenaica (DC.) Guinea, in nordes-
you of Spain. On the nomenclature of lavandas and lavandines
it is possible also to be consulted notes of A.O. TUCKER: Botani-
lime nomenclature of culinary herbs and potherbs, in. Herbs,
spices, and medicinal plants: recent advances in botany, horti-
culture and pharmacology, L.E.CRAKER and J.E. SIMON ed., Pho-
enix (Arizona), Oryx Press, vol 1, 33-80, 1986
[ 690 ] (a) Comission scientifique ET technique of prodarom-Grasse
ET Syndicat DES industriels ET négociants in lavande ET lavandin
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