Place of origin: Native species of the southwest of Asia and Southeastern of Europe
Etimología: Prunus, Latin name of the wild plum tree. Laurocerasus, of laurus = laurel and cerasus = cherry tree, by its leaves and their fruits that remember to those of these plants.
Description: Shrub or arbolillo siempreverde of up to 8 ms of height, grayish crust with lenticelas. Coriáceas, of several sizes and forms, generally oblong leaves, of 7,5-15 cm. in length and less of a third of width at the most. Briefly indented whole margin or; they are acuminadas, with a short end. They are green dark, slightly yellowish in the green beam and paler in envés. By envés, near the insertion of the limb with pecíolo always glands appear 2-3. Aromatic flowers of white color, of about 8 mm of diameter, reunited in turgid axillary or terminal clusters that measure 6-12 cm. in length. The flowers usually appear in January or February, but they do not open until April. Ovoideos fruits of around 12 mm of diameter, blackish color purple, containing a seed.
Culture and uses: It is multiplied by seeds and esquejes, grafting the varieties. The seed has internal lethargy, reason why it is due to go to the stratification before seedtime. Species that pleases of rich grounds in organic matter and that drains well. It prospers in the shade or the sun, and admits enough good the cut. It is medicinal although poisonous plant in great amounts. Some varieties are: ` Angustifoliá, ` Camelliifoliá, ` Caucasicá, ` Flesserianá, ` Japonicá, ` Latifoliá, ` Magnoliifoliá, ` Parvifoliá, ` Rotundifoliá, ` Zabelianá, etc.
Used Part
The leaves.
Active Principles
Glúcidos, tannins, heterósidos cianogénicos: prunasósido, that is unfolded in hydrocyanic benzóico and acid aldehyde, prulaurasósido.
Farmacológica Action
Espasmolítico, sedative nervous, stimulating respiratory, béquico, perfuming. Externally he is antipruriginoso (distilled water of laurel cherry tree).
Indications
By its potential toxicity, the laurel-cherry tree water is only used (1/1,000 of CNH), like perfuming and component of some antitusivas skillful formulas.
Contraindications
Small pregnancy, lactancia, children (internal use).
Precaution/Poisonings
All the plant is toxic, specially the immature fruits. It contains hydrocyanic acid: the 120 to 180 mg %. symptoms of the poisoning (they appear to extratherapeutic doses) are: quemazón of the buccal mucosa, naúseas, vomits, palpitaciones, taquipnea and hypertherm.
The accidental poisonings usually take place by their confusion with the laurel leaves, although its differentiation is easy: the leaves of the laurel-cherry tree are indented and when crushing they smell them of bitter almonds.
Galénicas Forms/Dosage
Internal use:
- distilled Water (1/1,000 of CNH): 20-40 drops by dose, 3-4 takings to the day. Maximum permissible dose: 2g/dosis and 8g/día.
Topical use:
- Infusion to 2%. To apply in form of compresas or lotion.
Bibliography
Bézanger-Beauquesne, L; Pinkas, M; Torck, M. You plant dans to Them the Therapeutique Moderne. 2ª. Paris: Maloine, 1986, pp. 349-51.
Bézanger-Beauquesne, L; Pinkas, M; Torck, M; Trotin, F. Plantes Médicinales DES Regions Tempérées. Paris: Maloine, 1980, p. 205.
Bruneton, J. Elementos de Fitoquímica and Farmacognosia. Zaragoza: Acribia, 1991, p. 261.
Fernandez, M; Grandson, To Plantas Medicinal. Pamplona: Editions University of Navarre, 1982, p. 231.
James, A; Duke, Ph D. Handbook of Medicinal Herbs. 5ª. Mouth Mouse, Florida: CRC Press, 1987, pp. 396-7; 522; 564.
Mulet, L. toxic Flora of the Valencian Community. Castellón: Provincial delegation, 1997, pp. 335-7.
Paris, RR; Moyse, M. Précis de Matière Médicale. Take II. Paris: Masson, 1967, pp. 417-8.
Peris, JB; Stübing, G; Vanaclocha, B. Applied Fitoterapia. Valencia: M.I. Official school of Phamacists, 1995, p. 329.
Creek, D; Obón, C. Gui'a Incafo of Plantas Useful and Poisonous of the Iberian Peninsula and Baleares. Madrid: Incafo, 1991, pp. 82; 584-5.
Simón, R. Gui'a de Farmacologi'a for Phamacists and Doctors. Madrid: To Madrid Vicente, 1993, p. 29.
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