Fastened with rings Smaller, Bejuquillo, Picahonda, Poaja, Raicilla, Brazilian Root
Ipecacuana or ipeca to the roots of diverse plants of the family of the rubiáceas that have eméticas properties (they cause the vomit), but the one is denominated who is used preferredly as medicinal is the Uragoga ipecacuanha. There are other ipecacuanas, all of them native ones of tropical America, like the greater fastened with rings one (Colombia), undulated greater (also in Colombia) or the greater fluted one (Peru and Colombia). They were the native ones of Mato Grosso who they presented the Portuguese the virtues the ipecacuana.
The ipecacuana, this original medicinal plant of tropical America, presents/displays a winding root, formed by a series of ring, that contains seven alkaloids, between that emphasize the emetina and the cefelina.
The emetina, as its name indicates, causes the vomit. By its toxicity, the ipecacuana only must be consumed by medica prescription.
CHARACTERISTICS: It is a small grass, perennial, of winding stems. The root is graft, cylindrical, formed by ring, one next to another one in all its length. The leaves, elliptical, finished in end, distribute two to two throughout the stem. The flowers are white, small, with five petals, forming ramilletes in the end of the stems. The fruit is a small berry in form of ball of rugby.
LOCATION: It lives exclusively in the tempered zones of South America. One has been able to adapt to other neither geographic climatic conditions no matter how much it has been tried, because nor in Europe nor in North America one has been able to obtain cultures with a mini level of productivity.
Used Part
Root, rizoma of the species: Cephaelis ipecacuanha (Brot.) Tussac, call according to its origin: Ipecacuana de Rio, of the Matto Grosso, Brazil or Mines. Acuminata Cephaelis Karsten: Ipecacuana of Cartagena, of Nicaragua, of Panama or Costa Rica.
ACTIVE PRINCIPLES: In the root of ipecacuana substances that also are in other plants, like sugar, fats, glucósidos exist, tannins or saponinas, but true and exclusively the farmacológico value must to the presence of seven alkaloids that are in the crust by the root, by between which it deserves to emphasize the emetina and the cefelina.
MEDICINAL PROPERTIES: The crust by the root irritates the skin and the mucous, and is very irritating its contact with the eye since it can perforate the cornea. It inhales of the dust causes it to estornudos and forts cough access. Its ingestion also is dangerous for intestinal the gastric mucous and. Its main therapeutic application is emética (to cause the vomit) and expectorante (to fluidizise bronchial secretions). To it is effective against disentería amibiana because it destroys the amoebas that are in the intestinal mucosa.
HARVESTING: It is place throughout the year old, while the climatologic conditions allow it is made with finished woods in end (poayas) with which take the secondary roots, leaving the main one buried so that it returns to regenerate new plant are dried to the sun and they are prepared to be commercialized. The commerce presents/displays them like ipecacuana dust, that is to say, crust by the crushed and rnolida root.
USES And APPLICATIONS: It must be used with precaution, by the toxicity that can cause to the mucous (internal eyes, mouth, stomach) an overdose, thus must be used prepared commercial or to follow the foot of the letters indications and dosages of the specialists. For a reason or purpose informative, he is interesting to know that, like vomitivo, the diluted dust or in water is used directly, and as antidisentérico or expectorante the infusion form is preferred. Also corno can be used came, eats syrup or as it tinctures.
Farmacológica Action
Bronchitis, enfisema, amebiana asthma, disentería (to see precautions).
To very low doses, it produces a expectorante effect, with great secretolítica action (emetina, cefelina) and antidiarréico. To greater doses it has a vomiting action (emetina). The emetina presents/displays in addition a antihelmíntica and amebicida action.
R.F.E.:
- Ipecuana, standardized dust: the drug must contain between 1,9-2,1% of totals, expressed like emetina.
- Root of dried and fragmented ipecacuana must contain 2 % of totals, expressed like emetina at least.
The dust of null and void ipecacuana strongly the skin, with a blistering effect. It also affects the respiratory and digestive mucous. High doses cause vomits by stimulation of the neumogástrico and the nervous centers bulbares. The alkaloids are cardiotóxicos (arrhythmias), hypotensions, cytotoxic and capilarotóxicos.
Precaution/Poisonings
The content in alkaloids is variable according to the species and place of harvesting.
Not to surpass the indicated doses. The poisoning pronounces by intestinal, diarrea cólicos pains sanguinolenta and can get to produce comma and death by collapse cardiorrespiratorio.
- We recommended to prescribe mucolíticos and expectorantes with smaller toxicity. In any case, to strictly use under prescipción and medical checkup.
- Like antiprotozoario, the use of specialties standardized with clohidrato of emetina is more recommendable.
Bibliography
Benigni, R; Capra, C; Cattorini, P. Piante Medicinali. Chimica, Farmacologia and Terapia. Milano: Inverni & Della Beffa, 1962, pp. 739-54.
Bézanger-Beauquesne, L; Pinkas, M; Torck, M. You plant dans to Them the Therapeutique Moderne. 2ª. Paris: Maloine, 1986, pp. 126-8.
British Herbal Pharmacopoeia. Vol. I. Bournemouth, Dorset: British Medical Herbal Association, 1990, p. 60.
Bruneton, J. Elementos de Fitoquímica and Farmacognosia. Zaragoza: Acribia, 1991, p. 459.
Peris, JB; Stübing, G; Vanaclocha, B. Applied Fitoterapia. Valencia: M.I. Official school of Phamacists, 1995, pp. 328-9.
Real Spanish Farmacopea. Madrid: Ministry of Health and Consumption, 1997, pp. 1177-8.
Samuelsson, G. Drugs of Natural Origin. To Textbook of Pharmacognosy. Stockholm: Swedish Pharmaceutical Press, 1992, pp. 267.
Simón, R. Gui'a de Farmacologi'a for Phamacists and Doctors. Madrid: To Madrid Vicente, 1993, pp. 135; 138; 171.
Wichtl, M. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceutical. To for Handbook Practice on to Scientific basis. Stuttgart: Medpharm Scientific Publishers, 1994, pp. 276-7.
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