Colds of throat and bronchi, asthma, tosferina. Weak digestion, cólicos and gases of the intestine, in special of the children. It activates the milk production during the lactancia. The roots are diuréticas and aperitive
Introduction: Plant of great tradition, used already in old well-known Egypt and in the Mediterranean towns thanks to the Greeks, the Spaniards who introduced it in central Europe during the Average Age, and later took it to America, where it has been becomeed aclimated and it is in wild state.
CHARACTERISTICS: Plant vivaz that forms a rosette of leaves level with ground in whose center a raised stem is developed and graft that it can reach two meters of height, green, with few leaves, arranged to his around in form of case, but in such form that, at the most above greater is the case than embraces the stem hardly and if it is left a trocito of separated leaf of the stem. The stems culminate in abundant umbelas (groupings of flowers in umbrella form) composed by manifold and tiny yellow flowers. The fruit, of dark gray color, almost black, smells pleasantly of anise (like all the plant). It is also known him with the name fenículo or grass santa.
LOCATION: It lives in the Mediterranean shores, but one anywhere in the world cultivates in climates temperings. In some places of the American continent, like the Argentina Pampas, it has been becomeed aclimated and it grows spontaneously. It prospers in stony lands, next to the dry channels.
ACTIVE PRINCIPLES: All plant has essence (of flavor sweet which it becomes bitter when continuing tasting), in the beginning rich in anetol, the same compound that appears in the anise and that it provides that pleasant aroma to anise that gives off the plant. Also it has oils, mainly the mineral seed, salts and vitamins.
MEDICINAL PROPERTIES: Ideal plant to eliminate intestinal gases, is in addition a good diurético and digestive tonic. Also it facilitates the milk secretion.
HARVESTING: The flowers must be cut before they are opened, that is to say, at the beginning of the summer. Later, at the end of the summer or in the first weeks of the autumn, to branches and umbelas can be cut to take advantage of the fruits, that do not have to be totally mature since they lose his active principles. The root is taken later, when the fruit has matured (in the heat of autumn).
USES And APPLICATIONS: By his favorecedores effects of the digestion and by their pleasant aroma, it has been a plant widely used in the kitchen like condimento, to accompany stews, fish and to flavor olives. Like digestive, an infusion of fruits is prepared (a teaspoon of fruits crushed for a water cup). A cup is taken after the meals, and this infusion is also apt to stimulate the milk secretion. The aperitive wine is elaborated with 200 grams of fruits macerated during nine days in a liter of white wine. In order to benefit us from its diuréticas properties, we will use the root in infusion (a tiny amount by fresh root by each cup), although this action intensifies when using the syrup by five roots, prepared with those of espárrago, rusco, celery and peregil.
Hinojo with the wormwood, known in some places of America with the same denomination of grass does not have to be confused santa. In Argentina such faith in hinojo is had, long ago the mothers chewed hinojo and threw the breath in the eyes of their children to drive away the ocular diseases.
Branch of hinojo that I show, its inflorescencias and infrutescencias in umbela with detail of the flower and the fruit. In fitoterapia the flowers are used so much as the fruits not excessively mature and the root.
The popular tradition advises the ingestion of tisanes of hinojo to favor the milky secretion of the mothers.
Used Part
The fruits (cremocarpos and mericarpos), occasionally the root and the leaves of the bitter variety (Foeniculum vulgare Miller, sp. vulgare var. vulgare), and of the sweet variety (Foeniculum vulgare Miller, sp. vulgare var. dulcis).
- Var. Vulgare: the dry drug must contain at least 40 not less ml/Kg of essential oil and of 60% of anetol and 15% of fencona.
- Var dulcis: the dry drug must contain at least 20 not less ml/Kg of essential oil and of 80% of anetol.
Leaves: essential oil flavonoides, plans.
Root: cumarinas (umbeliferona, bergapteno).
Farmacológica Action
- Fruits: The essential oil produces a carminativo, when stimulating motilidad gastric, eupéptico, espasmolítico, estrogénico, galactógeno, antiseptic, mucolítico and expectorante effect. To high doses emenagogo is considered. She is one of used drugs more like organoléptico corrector of flavor. In external use it acts like antiinflammatory and reepitelizante.
- the leaves have a vulneraria action (the healing, antiseptic premises).
- Root: States in which an increase of the diuresis is required: genitourinarias affections (cystitis, ureteritis, uretritis, pielonefritis, oliguria, urolitiasis), hiperazotemia, hiperuricemia, drop, arterial hypertension, edemas, overweight accompanied by retention of liquids.
Contraindications
Syndromes that attend with hiperestrogenismo.
Except for express indication, we recommended to abstain to internally prescribe essential oils during the pregnancy, the lactancia, to smaller children of six years or gastroduodenales patients with gastritis, ulcers, syndrome of the null and voidable intestine, ulcerosa colitis, neurological disease of Crohn, hepatopatías, epilepsy, Parkinson or other diseases.
Not to administer, neither to apply topically to smaller children of six years nor to people with respiratory allergies or well-known hypersensitivity to this one or other essential oils.
Not to prescribe forms of metering with alcoholic content for oral administration to smaller children of two years nor to consultantes in process of etílica deshabituación.
Precaution/Poisonings
To very high doses, anetol contained in the essential oil is neurotoxic, with a possible convulsivante effect.
To consider the alcoholic content of the fluid extract and the dye.
Galénicas Forms/Dosage
Fruits:
- Infusion: 10 to 30 g/l, to instill 10 minutes. A cup after the meals. Suckling babies: 5 to 10 frutos/50 cc.
- fluid Extract (1:1): 20 to 30 drops, 3 times to the day.
- It tinctures (1:10): 50 drops, one to three times to the day.
- Dust: 1 to 4 g to the day, in 300-500 capsules mg.
- essential Oil: 1 to 3 drops, 2 or 3 times to the day in an infusion cup, on a lump of sugar or encapsulation (25 to 50 mg/cáps. 2 or 3 to the day).
- dry Extract (5:1): 0,3 to 2 g/día (1 g is equivalent to 5 g of dry plant).
Root:
- Decocción: 25 g/l, to boil 2 minutes, to instill during 10 minutes, three cups to the day.
- fluid Extract (1:1): 25-50 drops, one to three times to the day.
Leaves:
- Infusion: 30 g/l, a cup after the meals, like nervous and digestive tonic.
- Cataplasm of fresh leaves: like decisive on forúnculos, abscesses, equímosis, milky retention.
Complete plant: 20 g/l, in decocción. One popularly was used against the deafness and affections of the external ear (vaporizations on the auditory conduit
external) and in inflammatory affections, form of colutorios, ocular garglings or baths.
Bibliography
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