GRANADA (punica granatum)

	G
	GRANADA
	*punica granatum*

Name
GRANADA

Scientific Name
punica granatum

GRANADA

Other Names:

Balaustia, Magrano, Pomogranado

In the Egyptian tombs of more ago than four millenia, have been rest of grenades. Also they were appreciated by the Israelite town. The Greeks considered like the symbol of the love and the fecundity. Not in vain the tree of the seeded one was consecrated to the Aphrodite goddess by the tried afrodisíacas virtues of its fruits. Dioscórides, in the first century of ours was, already recommended the root of the distinguished one "to expel the wide worms from the belly", talking about without a doubt to the tapeworms. Nevertheless, up to 1,800 years later, one did not become to use against the intestinal parasites. The Phoenicians brought it of western Asia to the Mediterranean, and the Romans, and later the Arabs, extended it by all the countries of the south of Europe. The Spaniards introduced it in America, where he extended by all the continent.

In almost all the country its main application is for stomach Problems like diarrea and disentería, by means of the use of the fruit and the rind or the leaves, crust, flowers and I appear; the recommended treatment more is to ingest the cofoundation of one or more parts of the plant, or, to mix the baking with guayaba, mint, file, tamarind and others, to take three times to the day. Other treated sufferings are the intestinal parasites like lombrices and tapeworms, for which it takes the baking concentrated with the crust, root, leaves or the rind of the fruit, mixed with a little epazote, and the obtained liquid drinks in uninformed during three days. It is said, in addition, that Granada treat the shyness, vomit, bile, intestinal infection and buccal fires, in these cases takes the cofoundation or it is applied locally and like gárgaras.

Shrub that reaches between 2 and 6 ms of height. It has very graft stem and extended leaves, with flowers filled with estambres; these originate globosos fruits. It has his origin in Europe and Asia, in Mexico inhabits in climates warm, semiwarm, semidry and tempering. It is cultivated in the houses and she is associate to the tropical forest caducifolia, subcaducifolia and perennifolia; thorny scrub xerófilo and forests, mesófilo of mountain, encino and pine.

Habitat: original of Persia and cultivated in the Mediterranean countries and the American continent, from California to Argentina and Chile. Trees asilvestrados, that they grow there where the birds deposit their seeds with the excrements, after eating the fruit can be found.

Description: tree of the family of the Punicáceas, that reaches the 4 meters of height. It emphasizes by his beautiful and unmistakable flowers of alive red color, with the open chalice. Its fruit is the distinguished singular.

Used Part

The crust by the root and occasionally of the trunk, the fruits.

Active Principles

- Crust by the root and trunk: mineral salts, abundant tannins (20%), alkaloids (0,5-0,9%) derived from the piperidina (peletierinas) and tropinona (pseudopeletierina).

- Crust of the fruits: abundant tannins.

Farmacológica Action

- Crust by the root and trunk: antihelmíntico, mainly tenífugo (according to the dose it produces paralysis or death of the tapeworm).

- Crust of the fruits: astringent (the antidiarreico, hemostatic premises).

- Fruits: refrescante, antipyretic, organoléptico corrector.

Properties and indications: the crust by the root, and in smaller proportion the one of the trunk and the branches, contains diverse alkaloids, most important of which it is the pelletierina; as well as tannin; glucósidos of action astringent; and bromides. Its fundamental property is the vermifugal: It makes expel the worms that parasitan the human intestine, with special effectiveness in the case from the tapeworm or tapeworm.

The crust of the seeded one, specially the one by its root, must its action to the alkaloids that contains. But if these active principles are administered separately, poisonous effects take place on the organism, similars to which produce the nicotine or it will cure: muscular tremors and paralysis; such effects that must produce on the worms, thus allowing its expulsion by the anus.

However, it turns out interesting to verify that those same alkaloids, mixed with the tannin and the rest of substances that form the crust of the distinguished one, well they are tolerated, and their poisonous effects are insignificant. This same phenomenon happens with many other plants, reason why it is preferred, whenever it is possible, to administer to the complete plant and not solely the extracts of the substances that are created more active. The curativa action of the plants, must to the wise combination of its components, and not to an isolated principle.

The internal crust of the fruits and its partitions also provide certain action vermifugal, although smaller than the one of the crust by the root or the tree. The case of a person has occurred who the day after to have eaten a few grenades with her partitions, expels an intestinal lombriz without trying it nor waiting for it.

The flowers and the crust of the fruit (distinguished) are slightly diuréticas astringents and. They are indicated in the following cases:

Diarreas, gastroenteritis and colitis, seizures in infusion.

Inflammation of encías (gingivitis) and the weave that holds the teeth maxilares (periodontitis or parodontosis). Its infusion is applied in mouthwashes, and can obtain that the loose teeth hold fast.

Faringitis and tonsilitis, in garglings.

Leucorrea (white vaginal flow): it is applied in vaginal irrigations.

Use: maceration in the middle liter of water, during 24 hours, of 60 to 90 grams of crust by dry root; on the following day it is made boil to untimed fire until the liquid is reduced to half; it is taken distributed in 2 or 3 days, in the morning in uninformed; it is possible to be sweetened with honey or to be perfumed with mint essence; for the children in scholastic age, it is enough with putting 20-30 grams of crust; it agrees to take a laxative tisane a pair from hours after each taking. In infusion of flowers, 20 to 30 grs. by liter of water; the crust of a grenade by liter can be added hourly, interfering at the rate of a spoonful, while the diarrea lasts.

Externally, in mouthwashes and garglings with the same infusion of flowers with grenade crust that para.uso.interno. Also in vaginal washings or irrigations with this filtered affluent infusion.

Contraindications

Pregnancy, lactancia, smaller children of 5 years (alkaloids).

Gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcer: the tannins can irritate the gastric mucosa, this indirect effect can be palliated associating it to drugs with mucílagos, like the malvavisco.

Precaution/Poisonings

The crust by the root and the trunk, due to the presence of alkaloids, presents/displays a degree important of toxicity, being able to produce visual nauseas, vertigos and problems.

The crust by the root of the seeded one does not have to be administered to the weak or nervous subjects, the nursing children and the pregnant women not to exceed the indicated doses.

Its tenífugo use as must be made exclusively under specialized medical checkup.

Galénicas Forms/Dosage

Internal use: to read the section of precautions previously.

- Decocción (crust by the root or trunk): in the middle to macerate during 24 60 hours g liter of water. To boil until it is reduced to half. To take the remaining liquid in uninformed, at intervals of 15 minutes. One hour and average later, to administer a laxative infusion.

- Decocción (crust of the fruits): 30 g/l, to boil 10 minutes. To take three or four cups to the day.

- Juice of the fruits.

- Syrup of granadina.

External use:

- Decocción (crust of the fruits): applied in form of washings, ocular compresas, colutorios, baths (to isotonizar), vaginal garglings or irrigations.

Bibliography

Benigni, R; Capra, C; Cattorini, P. Piante Medicinali. Chimica, Farmacologia and Terapia. Milano: Inverni & Della Beffa, 1962, pp. 931-6.

Bézanger-Beauquesne, L; Pinkas, M; Torck, M. You plant dans to Them the Therapeutique Moderne. 2ª. Paris: Maloine, 1986, pp. 353-4.

Bézanger-Beauquesne, L; Pinkas, M; Torck, M; Trotin, F. Plantes Médicinales DES Regions Tempérées. Paris: Maloine, 1980, pp. 222.

Him Floc'h, And Contribution to unites Etude Ethnobotanique of the Flore Tunisienne. Imprimerie Officielle of the République Tunisienne, 1983, pp.170-1.

Mulet, L. Estudio Etnobotánico of the Province of Castellón. Castellón: Provincial delegation, 1991, pp. 361-3.

Paris, RR; Moyse, M. Précis de Matière Médicale. Take II. Paris: Masson, 1967, p. 448.

Peris, JB; Stübing, G; Figuerola, R. Gui'a of Plantas Medicinal of the Valencian Community. Valencia: The Provinces, 1996, p. 257.

Trease, GE; Evans, WCh. Farmacognosia. Mexico D.F.: Inter-American -- MacGraw-Hill, 1991, p. 625.

Hellemont, J. Compendium de Phytotherapie go. Bruxelles: Association Pharmaceutique Belge, 1986, pp. 325-6.

Villar, L; Palacín, JM; Bald, C; Go'mez, D; Montserrat, G. Plantas Medicinal of the Pyrenean oscenses Aragonese and others tierrras. 2ª. Huesca: Provincial delegation, 1992, p. 191.

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