(1) - V. Thapsus: Gordolobo, male Gordolobo; German: Kleinblütige Königskerze; English: Great mullein. (2) - V. Phlomoides: Gordolobo, Gordolobo female; al.: Filzige Königskerze; ingl.: Orange mullein. (3) - V. Densiflorum: false gordolobo; al.: großblütige Königskerze.
Flower (only corola and androceo)
The different oficinales species are very similar to each other. They are biennial, with raised stems and wide, soft, vellosas and indented leaves. The inflorescencia is a raised cluster of slightly zigomorfas pentámeras flowers with corola expires of yellow color more or less alive and perennial chalice.
Origin
Gordolobo is a euroasiática species that grows in argillaceous and sandy grounds. With exception of the most northern zones, it is common in the dry, wild slopes of the ways, old escombreras, walls and uncultivated lands. It is cultivated easily.
Chemical composition
The flower contains polifenoles: flavonoides (2-4%) [ 667,66å,b ], 669 acids fenoles [ ], mainly in osídicos ester form of caféico acid: verbascósido (= acteósido) [ 670 ]; saponósidos [ 671 ], fatty acids and carotenoid.
The content in mucílago is of 3% approximately: their hydrolysis produces mainly galactosa, arabinosa, urónicos glucose and acids.
As many other plants of this family and near families, the different species from the Verbascum sort are characterized by the presence of iridoides: harpagósido, aucubósido, catalpol, isocatalpol [ 672 ], 6ß-xilosil catalpol, etc. [ 673 ].
Also the composition of the whole plant has studied: it contains saponósidos (mainly in simillas, 675 ictiotóxicos [ ]), esteroles and esteronas, as well as iridoides (aucubósido and derived seemed) [ 674 ]. All the organs contain osídicos esters of caféico acid: verbascósido, poliumósido [ 676, 677 ].
Farmacológicos data
Apparently, the drug has not been object of farmacológicas investigations, but the activities of some of their components, yes have been studied. The harpagósido one has antiinflammatory properties, the aucubósido one and 678 antimicrobial the related compounds are [ ]. The complex esters of caféico acid have great interest by their 679 activities antibacterial and antifúngica [ ], analgesic and antihipertensora [ 680 ]. The acteósido one (verbascósido) is an inhibitor of lipoxigenasa of the leukocytes: to the concentration of 2.93 µM, makes diminish a 50% the formation of the Leucotrieno B4 [ 681 ] (the leucotrienos are implied in the allergic and inflammatory affections).
Use
The drug and prepared his are traditionally used in the symptomatic treatment of the inflammatory pathologies (otorrinolaringológicas, ORL) and broncopulmonares. The pulverized drug does not present/display acute toxicity (3 g/kg, rat, to per you) nor subacute (300 and 1200 mg/kg/días, rat, to per you) [ 682 ]. One investigates his local application by his suavizantes, antipruriginosas properties (dermatology) and smaller antálgicas (buccal hygiene). The infusion must filter carefully to eliminate the numerous irritating hairs.
In Spain the use of this plant for respiratory affections is authorized: tonsilitis, faringitis, bronchitis, asthma. Diarreas.
The drug
The flower of gordolobo is constituted by the corola, to which they adhiren estambres alternipétalos. Three of the five estambres are shorter and with a velloso filament. The corola of V. Phlomoides is greater than the one of V. thapsus. To the first species, the anthers pay attention laterally, whereas in V. thapsus does it oblique. Examined the microscope the pulverized drug numerous tectores hairs in "candelabrum" and long, colorless, tubulosos or finished hairs are observed in mace form. [ 677 has seted out ] a form easy to determine the different species. The test will have to include/understand a study of the macrocospic and microscopic characters, the characterization of the iridoides (in a decocción) and the analysis by C.C.F. using patterns of flavonoides and caféico acid.
Bibliography
[ 667 ] R. MEHROTRA, B. AHMED, R.A. VISHWAKARMA and R.S.
THAKUR
Verbascoside: to new luteolin glycoside from Verbascum thapsus
J.Nat. Prod., 52, 640-643, 1989; to also see: C.SOULELES and
To GERONIKAKI, Flovonoids from Verbascum thapsus, Sci.
Pharm., 57, 59-61,1989.
[ 668 ] (a) V. PAPAY, L.TOTH, K. OSVATH and G. BUJITAS
Uber die Flavonoide von Verbascum phlomoides L.
Pharmazie, 35, 334-335, 1980; to also see; OSVATH ET al.,
Herba Hung., 21, 141-147, 1982 (in Hungarian, summarized in in
glés)
(b) R.TSCHESCHE, S. DELHVI and S. SEPÚLVEDA
Tamarixetin glycosies from the flowers of Verbascum phlo-
moides
Phytochemistry, 18, 1248-1249, 1979.
[ 669 ] L. SWIATEK, To KUROWSKA and D. ROTKIEWICZ
Tkuszczowych i analyzes kwasow fenolowych wystepujacych we
flos verbasci (summary in English: analysis of fatty and and phenolic
acids in flos verbasci)
Herba Pol., 30, 173-181, 1984.
[ 670 ] C. ANDARY, R.WYLDE, C. LAFITTE, G. PRIVAT and F. Win-
TERNITZ
Structures of verbascoside and orobanchoside, caffeic acid his
to gar esters from Orobanche rapum-genistae
Phytochemistry, 21, 1123-1127, 1982.
[ 671 ] R. TSCHESCHE, S. SEPULVEDA and METRIC TON BRAUN
Übre triterpene, XXXIII. Übre gives Spaonin der Blüten von Ver-
bascum phlomoides L.
Chem Ber., 113, 1754-1760, 1980.
[ 672 ] K. SEIFERT, J. SCHMIDT, N.T. LIEN and S. JOHNE
Iridoide aus Verbascum - Arten
It plants Med., 52, 409-411, 1985.
[ 673 ] L. SWIATEK, Or SALAMA and Or STICHER
6-O-b-D-xylopyranosylcatalpol, to new iridoid glycoside from
Thapsiforme Verbascum
It plants Med., 45, 153, 1982.
[ 674 ] M.A. KHUROO, M.A. QURESHI, T.K. RAZDAN and P. Nor
CHOLS
Sterones, iridoids and to sesqueterpene from Verbascum thapsus
Phytochemistry, 27, 3541-3544, 1988.
[ 675 ] J. OF PASCHAL TERESA, GREAT F. DIAZ and M.
Components of the Verbascum thapsus L.III. - Contribution to is
tudio of the saponinas
Ann. Quim., 76, 107-1110, 1980.
[ 676 ] C. ANDARY, R. WYLDE, To HEITZ, J.P. RASCOL, J.L. Evenness
COL, J.L. ROUSSEL and C. LAFFITE
Poliumoside, to caffeic glycoside to ester from Teucrium belion
Phytochemistry, 24, 362-364, 1985.
[ 677 ] J.L. ROUSSEL
Contribution á I´étude botanique ET chimiotaxonomique du
genre Verbascum in Languedoc-Cévennes
Doctoral thesis of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Montpellier I, 1983.
[ 678 ] K. ISHIGURO, M. YAMAKI and S. TAMAGI
Studies on the iridoid related compounds. I. On the antimicro-
bial activity of aucubigenin and certain iridoid aglycones
Yakugaku Zasshi, 102, 755-759, 1982.
[ 679 ] And SHOYAMA, M. MATSUMOTO and I. NISHIOKA
Four caffeoyl glycosides from callus tissue of glutinous Rehmannia
Phytochemistry, 25, 1633-1636, 1986.
[ 680 ] C. ANDARY
Activité pharmacologique of certains esters of l`acide 3, 4-dihy-
droxycinnamique
Bull. liaison, Groupe polyphénols, 11, 544-553, 1982.
[ 681 ] And KIMURA, H. OKUDA, S. NISHIBE and S. ARICHI
Effects of caffeoylglycosides on arachidonate metabolism in
leukocytes
It plants Med., 53, 148-153, 1987.
[ 682 ] Gordolobo, toxicológico dossier of Arkop- Laboratories
HARMA.
Diseases in whose treatment this plant is adapted
Traqueítis
Bronchitis
ProductosList of Products of HIPERnatural.COM with :
Productos
Add to Favorite
