This shrub of coriáceas and persistent leaves has pentámeras flowers of rosaceous color white that are in groups from 3 to 5 in the extremity of the branches, with persistent chalice, corola it expires and anthers that present/display lengths dorsal appendices. The fruit is a cleared berry of alive red color.
Origin
This ericácea, like most of the species of the family, grows in rich silica lands. Fundamentally, one extends in the underbrushes and the rocky zones of the tempered mountainous regions of the North hemisphere. The drug comes from Yugoslavia, Spain...
Chemical composition
The leaf of gayuba contains acids fenoles (acid gálico, quínico), flavonoides (hiperósido, isoquercitrósido) [ 394 ], pentacícliclos triterpenos with skeleton ursano type (acid ursólico and its 395 derivatives) [ ], iridoides (monotropeósido) [ 396 ], plans of volatile components, as well as a high content (15-20%) in tannins, essentially gálicos (poligaloilglucosa). The activity of the drug is attributed to the presence of glucósidos phenolic: arbutósido and derived similar.
• arbutósido whose habitual content oscillates between the 6 and 10% is ß-D-glucopiranósido of hydroquinone. Their hydrolysis releases to a glucose molecule and difenol unstable that oxidizes immediately in hydroquinone. This heterósido, present in numerous ericáceas, is accompanied by its piceósido methylic ether (metilarbutósido) and by, glucósido of 4-hidroxi acetofenona [ 398 ]. The content in glucósidos varies according to diverse factors, in individual, according to the age of the leaves, the geographic origin and the way of 397 drying [ ]. The tannin presence allows, by means of the blockade of the enzymes, that glu ósido not hidrolice during the drying, which is translated in a net darkening of the drug.
Farmacológicos data
The farmacológicas properties of gayuba are observed urinary level:
• diurética Action. This action has been observed in rats with hydric overload, as much with arbutósido [ Temple, 1971 ] like with phenolic flavonoides and glucósidos that, administered by oral route to the 10 doses of mg/kg, increase the diuresis in a 211% and, to a lesser extent, the elimination of sodium and 330 potassium [ ].
• urinary antiseptic Activity. The hydroquinone is bacteriostática in vitro, mainly acts as opposed to estafilococos [ Winter, 1957 ] and a great number of 401 germs [ ]. Experiments made in rat show that the hidroliza arbutósido one quickly and that the hydroquinone is eliminated by urinary tract in 399 form of sulfo- and of glucuroconjugados [ ]. If (hydrolysis of the conjugated derivatives) tinkles it is alkaline and the concentration is sufficient (60 mg/ml of hydroquinone), 400 clearly the antiseptic activity pronounces [ ].
On the other hand, the watery and metanólicos extracts of 406 virostáticos 257 the molusculicidas drug are [ ] and first is [ ].
Use
The fitoterapia advises the use of this drug for the treatment of the infections of urinary routes: chronic uretritis, pielitis, cystitis by trivial bacterial flora. Habitually, the pulverized leaf or the infusion is used. The simultaneous taking of hidrogenocarbonato of sodium favors the alcalinización of tinkles it. Although the criomolturado one is not toxic to 405 the habitual doses [ ], the single hydroquinone can cause intestinal espasmos (mouse), hypotension (dog) and, to great doses, upheavals of the E.C.G. (rabbit) [ 402 ].
In Spain the use of this plant for urinary infections is authorized: chronic and acute cystitis, uretritis. Diurético.
Precautions
In order to increase the effect of the product, to ingest it with bicarbonated water. Before the experimentation absence it is not recommended in pregnant women and during the lactancia. It tinkles it appears dyed of green color. In specially sensible subjects at level of the gastric mucosa, the infusion can cause nauseas and vomits.
The drug
The limb of the leaf of A. grape-ursi is whole, attenuated in the base, obtuse or espatulado in the superior part. The superior face appears finely reticulada, is of dark green color and shining, the inferior face is clearer. The microscopic examination shows one cutícula very thick that covers one epidermis of polyhedral cells, voluminous estomas composed of 5 to 7 attached cells in the inferior face and specially abundant tectores hairs in the young leaves. It must be examined with the purpose of avoiding falsifications with leaves of boxwood or those of diverse species of Vaccinium. The arbutósido content in, determined by means of colorimetría after reacting with aminopirazolona in the middle alkaline and oxidating is, like minimum, of a 7% (m/m) [ 403 ]. By means of H.P.L.C. (hi-res chromatography), also it can be appraised the presence of glucósidos and 404 geninas [ ].
Bibliography
[ 394 ] H. GEIGER, Or SCHÜCKER, H. WALDRUM, G. VANDER VELDE and T.J. MABRY
Quercetin-3b-D-(6-O-galloyl-galactosid), ein Inhaltsstoff von Arctostaphylos grape-ursi (L.) Spreng. (Ericaceae).
Z. Naturforsch., 30c, 296, 1975.
[ 395 ] To PROLIAC
Triterpènes d´Arctostaphylos grape-ursi Spreng.
Plant Méd. Phytothér., 14, 155-158, 1980.
[ 396 ] L. JAHODAR, SMOOTH I. LEIFERTOVA and M.
Investigation of iridoid substances in Arctostaphylos grape-ursi
Pharmazie, 33, 536-537, 1978.
[ 397 ] V. MORETTI
Ursina L´uva. Qualitativa and quantitativa botanico Studio, ricerca dei principi attivi.
Boll. Soc. Ital. Farm., 23, 207-224, 1977.
[ 398 ] G.A. KARIKAS, M.R. EUERBY and R.D. WAIGH
Isolation of piceoside from Arctostaphylos grape-ursi
It plants Med., 53, 307-308, 1987.
[ 330 ] P. GUILLEREY
Contribution à l´étude DES you plant médicinales à reputation diurétique.
Thèse de Doctorat in Pharmacie (Diplôme d´Etat), Nancy I, 1982.
Metabolic fate and disposition of [ 14C ] hidroquinone given orally to Sprague-Dawley rats.
Toxicology, 33, 9-18, 1984.
[ 400 ] D. FROHNE
Untersuchungen zur Frage der Harndesinfizierenden Wirkungen von Bärentraubenblatt-extrakten.
It plants Med., 18, 1-26, 1970.
[ 401 ] L. JAHODAR, P. JILEK, M. PATKOVA and V. DVORAKOVA
Pusobení Antimikrobiální arbutinu to extraktu z listu medvedice lécivé in vitro (antimicrobial action of arbutin and the extract of the leaves of Arctostaphylos grape-ursi in vitro).
Ceskoslov. Farm., 34, 174-180, 1985; to also see: H. FLORESNÉ VARI, G. VERZARNE PETRI and M. KUTASI To species uvae ursi (Phono V) mikrobiologiai vizsgalata, Act Pharm Hung., 54, 170-175, 1984.
[ 257 ] D. SCHAUFELBERGER and K. HOSTETTMANN
Molluscicidal On the activity of tannin containing plants Planta Med., 48, 105-107, 1983.
[ 402 ] P.L. CHAMBERS and M.J. ROWAN
An central analysis of the toxicity of hydroquinone on synaptic transmission.
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 54, 238-243, 1980.
[ 403 ] M. WICHTL
Bärentraubenblätter. In: DAB to 9-Kommentar, Deutsches Arzneibuch, K. HARTKE and e. MUTSCHLER éds., Stuttgart, Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellshaft mbH, p. 911-914, 1986
[ 404 ] M.H. ASSAF, A.A. ALI, M.A. MAKBOUL, J.P. BECK and R. ANTON
Preliminary study of phenolic glycosides from majorana Origanum; quantitative estimation of arbutin; citotoxic activity of hydroquinone.
It plants Med., 53, 343-345, 1987.
[ 405 ] Gayuba, toxicológico dossier of Laboratories ARKOPHARMA.
[ 406 ] G. MAY and G. WILLUHN
Antivirale Wirkung to wäbriger Pflanzenextrakte in Gewebekulturen
Arzneim-Forsch., 28, 1-7, 1978.
Diseases in whose treatment this plant is adapted
Cystitis
Drop
ProductosList of Products of HIPERnatural.COM with :
Productos
Add to Favorite
