All the varieties of excelsior Fraxinus are great of imparipinnadas opposite leaves with 7-15 foliolos of oval form, wide trees and with the dentated edges. The flowers grouped in lateral panículos, lack chalice and corola, only has estambres and pistilo. The fruit is one sámara.
Origin
The ash extends by all Europe and in certain regions ] cohabits with other species of the same 751 sort [. The identification of the species is quite difficult because of the existence of varieties and the possibility of 752.753 interspecific hibridación intra and [ ].
Chemical composition
The drug contains ursólico acid and one benzoquinona, abundant manitol [ 754 ], as well as tannins (hidrolizables and condensed) whose structure has not studied. In addition, they have been described in the leaf:
Acids fenoles: 755 benzóicos and cinámicos derivatives [ ],
Cumarinas in small amount: fraxósido, glucósido of fraxetol and esculósido [ 754-756 ],
The cumarinas mainly concentrate in the 759 crusts [ ] where is manitol, siringósido and tannins.
The ash "oxifilo" (Fraxinus angustifolia, subspecie oxycarpa) little is known as far as its composition: rutósido in the leaves, esculósido in the crust. A simple study by chromatography in fine layer (C.C.F.) of the two species, it tends to demonstrate that the leaves of both species have a very similar composition [ 760 ].
Farmacológicos data
Although the tradition attributes diuréticas properties and antiinflammatory to the drug, it does not seem that experimental works have been made that confirm these properties. A 1989 study demonstrates clearly that the ash modifies the elimination of sodium and 763 chlorides [ ]. The French Farmacopea (1993) indicates that these two properties "have been confirmed by the use". Without a doubt, [ 761 is a "modest antiinflammatory sintomatológico remedy" ] and a study conducted in rat describes its "weak" diuréticas properties like [ 762 ].
Use
In Spain this plant are authorized for the drop treatment, pains you will articulate, artrosis, arthritis. It is also used in the manifestations you will articulate painful, tendinitis and esesguinces. It facilitates the functions of elimination of the organism (renal and digestive).
It facilitates the loss of weight, along with measured dietetic. Analgesic and antipyretic.
The criomolida drug does not present/display any acute toxicity (2 g/kg) nor subacute (300 and 900 mg/kg/día) in rat, to per you [ 764 ].
The drug
The drug appears, frequently, in form of oval and separated foliolos of raquis. The weakly peciolados foliolos, sésiles or, are bordered of fine teeth and acute, more numerous than the lateral nerves (in F. angustifolia, subsp. oxycarpa more is spaced). The microscopic examination of the dust shows to some secretory hairs octocelulares in shield form. The test includes/understands the C.C.F. of the cumarinas after its extraction with alcohol to 60% (V/V).
Although the French Farmacopea calls the attention on the possibility of substitution by F. ornus, it does not say to anything on the other species and the intermediate forms.
Bibliography
[ 751 ] the systematics of the sort and the synonymies is complex: Flora Europaea [ op. cit. 3,53-54, 1972 ] as well as the Flore de France [ M. GUINOCHET and R. VILMORIN, Paris. C.N.R.S., 2, 535-536, 1975] consider specially F. angustifolia Vahl. subsp. oxycarpa (Bieb. ex- Willd.) Franco and Rocha Alfonso = F. oxycarpa Bieb. ex- Willd. (d'après 3, ci-dessous = F. oxyphylla Bieb.)
[ 752 ] P. FUKAREK
Différences morphologiques ET anatomiques between him frêne commun (excelsior F. L.) ET him frêne oxyphylle (F. angustifolia Vahl.)
Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr., 107, 192-199, 1960.
[ 753 ] J. MONIN and H. POINSOT
Au sujet DES frênes of Bourgogne
Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr., 117, 399-404, 1970.
[ 754 ] r.-r PARIS and To STAMBOULI
Them hétérosides du frêne officinal (excelsior Fraxinus) ET of quelques espèces voisines notamment Fraxinus ornus.
Ann., Pharm. Fr., 18, 873-887, 1960.
[ 755 ] A.T. KUITERS and H.M. SARINK
Leaching of phenolic compounds from leaf and needle to litter of several decidous coniferous trees.
Soil Biol. Biochem., 18, 475-480, 1986.
[ 756 ] M. VANHAELEN, and R. Vanhaelen-fastré
Quantitative determination of biologically activates constituents in medicinal plant crude extracts by thin - to layer chromatography-densitometry.
J. Chromatogr., (281), 263-271, 1983.
[ 757 ] And FONES and R.E. HUGHES
To the notices on ascorbic content of some trees and woody shrubs
Quantitative dünnschichtchromatographische Bestimmung to pflanzlicher Wirkstoffe. 2 excelsior Fraxinus
Dtsch. Apoth.-Ztg., 120, 1505-1506, 1980.
[ 760 ] S. GANDRIAUX
Réalisation ET contrôle of nébulisats of Fraxinus oxyphylla Bieb.
Doctoral thesis in Pharmacy, (Diplôme d'Etat), Montpellier I, 1985.
[ 761 ] P. DELAVEAU
Him frêne
Act. Pharm, (142), 53-54, 1978.
[ 762 ] P. GUILLEREY: to see "Monograph Ortosifón", Vol.4, p. 95, ref 10.
[ 763 ] J. CASADEBAIG, M. JACOB, G. CASSANAS, D. GAUDY, G. BAYLAC and To PUECH.
Pharmacological Physicochemical and properties of spray-dried powders from excelsior Fraxinus leaf extracts. J. of Ethnopharmacology, 26: 211-216, 1989.
[ 764 ] Ash, toxicológico dossier of Laboratories ARKOPHARMA.
Diseases in whose treatment this plant is adapted
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