The great Renaissance botanist, Andrea Mattioli, an edition commented of the medical Matter of Dioscórides published in 1554, in which it said, according to mentions Font Quer, that "the crust of frángula is laxative a very smooth one, that cleans the liver admirably (...) But single it must be used dry; green it produces vomits."
It did not happen unnoticed, to this illustrious pioneer of the botany, the peculiar process that occurs in the crust of frángula: fresh it is toxic, and it has an intense vomitivo effect. But, with time, it is losing its toxicity spontaneously, and acquiring a remarkable medicinal virtue. After a year of drying, the crust of frángula becomes an appreciated remedy against the constipation.
Habitat: abundant in the forests and humid places of Europe and North half of Spain. Well-known and used in the American continent, where also the Rhamnus species grows up purshiana (sagrada rind, plant that appears after this) whose medicinal properties are similar to those of the Rhamnus frangula.
Description: shrub of the family of the Ramnáceas, 2-3 m of height, without thorns, with small flowers of five petals. It gives like fruit berries of red color in summer, and shining black in autumn, when they mature.
Used parts: the dried crust of the trunk and the branches.
Properties and indications: the active principles of the crust of frángula are the antraquinónicos glucósidos ones, that grant the following properties to him:
Laxative of smooth, but effective action. It causes retortijones, neither liquid evacuations, nor other own secondary upheavals of the irritating laxatives. It either does not produce loss of potassium and other mineral salts, nor secondary colitis, facts that are often observed in the habitual users of chemical laxatives. And, in case outside little, the intestine is not become accustomed its use, reason why their effects remain constant although it interferes during long time. It is then ideal for those who have been suffering of intestinal laziness for many years, and that already has proven diverse laxatives, without too much success, and sometimes with desirable indirect effect nothing. These patients, who usually are women, if they want to overcome this disagreeable ailment, must follow in addition a diet curls in vegetal fiber.
Colerética: as the Mattioli botanist said, the crust of frángula also favors the good operation of the liver by its colerético effect. The patients of acute and chronic hepatitis, diverse hepatopatías or even of cirrhosis, will benefit from their use.
Contraindications
Pregnancy, lactancia, menstruation, intestinal obstruction, acute abdomen, gastroduodenal ulcer, syndrome of the null and voidable intestine, disease of Crohn, hemorroides, cystitis, renal or cardiac isuficiencia (to see precautions). Incompatible with treatments with cardiotónicos or with alcalinizantes: bicarbonate, magnésicas salts (even rich mineromedicinales waters in these components).
Not to prescribe forms of metering with alcoholic content for oral administration to smaller children of two years nor to consultantes in process of etílica deshabituación.
Use: decocción with 20-30 grs. of crushed crust, it ages (of a year at least), in the middle liter of water. To boil during 20 minutes; if it is let rest during hours, increases his effectiveness; to filter and to take 1-2 cups, preferably at night, so that it produces effect to the following morning.
The crust is used like smooth laxative, against intestinal rottings and gases. It regulates the intestinal function, without creating habit.
Active Principles
Antraquinónicos compounds (6-10%): derivatives of emodol, crisofanol, frangulina, frangulósidos To and B, formed by partial hydrolysis of the glucofrangulósidos ones To and B.
According to R.F.E. the dry drug must contain at least a 7% of glucofrangulinas, expressed like glucofrangulina A.
Precaution/Poisonings
The drug must be dried (to 100º C during one hour) and aged well (at least a year), so that the transformation of antronas and antranoles in antraquinonas takes place, indispensable for its therapeutic use. He is not recommendable to follow prolonged treatments, nor to use doses superior to the indicated ones. To begin the treatment with losses dosificaciones.El use of the fresh plant, of elevated doses, prolonged treatments, or due to individual sensitivity to the drug, can produce cólicos pains by gastrointestinal irritation, with intestinal espasmos forts, vomits and nauseas.
Its continued use (abuse) produces a loss of electrolytes, specially potassium (what it could tolerate an indirect involution of the effect of the cardiotóticos).
To consider the alcoholic content of the fluid extract and the dye.
For the treatment of the chronic or habitual constipation, we recommended to resort to the mechanical laxatives, and to introduce the necessary moficicaciones in the diet and the habits.
The crust of frángula is not due to along with take sódico bicarbonate, salt of fruits, magnesia milk or any other alkaline one, because its effect is seen remarkably diminished. One advises against his use in case of pregnancy, lactancia, menstruation and hemorroidal crisis (hemorroides inflamed).
Galénicas Forms/Dosage
Internal use (to see precautions):
- Decocción: 5 to 10 g by liter. To boil 15 minutes, to let macerate 2 hours.
- Dust: 1 to 2 g to the day, like laxative, and 4 to 5 g/día like laxative, in 0.5 capsules of g.
- fluid Extract (1:1): 20-80 drops to the day.
- It tinctures (1:10): 15 to 30 drops one to three times to the day, before the meals.
- dry Extract (5:1): 100 to 300 mg/día, in one to three takings.
Like laxative, we recommended to administer a dose before lying down. The effect takes place approximately to the ten hours.
External use: Compresas of dye (1:10).
Doses recommended by the E.S.C.O.P.:
The correct individual dose is the minim necessary to obtain the effect.
- Adult: glucofrangulósidos, expressed preparations equivalent to 15-25 mg of like glucofrangulósido To, taken at night in a unique dose.
- its administration to children is not recommendable.
Bibliography
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