This great herbaceous plant, vivaz, have divided opposite leaves in three or five acute and indented foliolos that remembers those of the Indian hemp. The reddish, tubulosas flowers, roses or, are grouped in small chapters (< 05, cm) that are grouped as well in corimbo compound.
Origin
Eupatorio, original of central Europe, is a very common plant. It grows of massive form forming dense problaciones in the roadside ditches and rosaledas, on the brink of madness the streams, in the tree-lined avenues, next to the forest fire-resistant fences and in the humid ones.
Chemical composition
This plant has given rise to numerous studies of investigation. One has verified the presence of triterpenos, acids fenoles and poliínos. Within his numerous components, one has described to an essential oil (0,3%) [ 652, 653 ], flavonoides [ 653, 654 ], derived benzodihidrofuránicos [ 655.658 ], esters of nerol and a clerodano (cannaclerodanólido, dilactona diterpénica) [ 658 ]. Also are numerous pirrolizidínicos alkaloids as much in the aerial parts (equinatina and their estereoisómeros: licopsamina, intermedina, rinderina) like in the roots (supinina). Also have been acetic, angelical, tíglicos and isovaléricos esters [ 653, 656, 657 ]. In the aerial organs two have been identified polisacáridos, polymeric heterogénos of xylose and 659 4-O-metil-glocurónico acid [ ].
Lactonas sesquiterpénicas. One is mainly esters (4-hidroxi-tiglatos, tiglatos...), of 8ß-hidroxi germacranólidos: eupatoriopicrina (0.4% in aerial parts) and its derivatives (19-O-acetil, 20-deoxi, 3ß-hidroxi, 19-O-linolenil), eupatólido. The others lactonas have a very similar structure: DERIVATIVES 3-O-acetil (ej.: cromolaénido, eucannabinólido), derived 10,14-dehidro hidroxilados in 1 (sacalinina), derived from the costunólido one. Eupaquifolina C (guayanólido) is the product of oxidation of the eupatoriopicrina [ 658, 660 ].
Farmacológicos data
Recognized like colerética, lately this drug has called the attention by the citostáticas properties of his lactonas.
·Its coleréticas and hepatoprotectoras activities. One demonstrates that when administering aerial parts to rat, i.v. 250 mg/kg takes place a colerética action. This coleresis is of hepatocitario origin as it demonstrates to the increase of the explanation eritritol to it marked. Also it is demonstrated in rat, the hepatoprotectoras properties of the drug: its preventive action with respect to the increase of transaminasa (GPT) induced by CCI4 is identical (0,25-1 g/kg) to produced by the thistle seed the Maria (1 g/kg) [ 661, 666 ]. Eupatorio also is salidiurético [ 666 ].
·Citotoxicidad. In vitro, the eupatoriopicrina acts on the cells KB and HeLa, on those of human the pulmonary carcinoma (1.5 DI50 = mg/ml) [ 662, 663 and ref mentioned ], as well as on other cells. This lactona seems to act at level of the D.N.A.. [ 664 ]. In alive, it only slows down of temporary form the growth of solid tumors implanted in mouse (3x20 mg/kg., tumor of Lewis) [ 662 ].
·Its properties inmunoestimulante. The polisacáridos ones (10-2 - 10-5 g/100 mililiter) stimulate the fagocitosis of the granulocitos and provide positive results in other habitually used tests to determine this type of activity (quimioluminiscencia, explanation of carbon... [ 659, 665 ]).
Use
It does not seem that clinical tests have been made in the man with this medicinal plant, and although most of "classic" works of Farmacognosia almost they do not mention its use, some of them refer that, in popular medicine, it is used like colerético. In fact, one takes shelter that from century I before Christ already it was used to alleviate "the diseases of the liver" and, in the Arab medicine, knows it like diurético. Century XIX one became a habitual colerético. At the moment much is not used.
Acute toxicity with watery extracts in mouse has not been registered (2 g/kg, [ 666 ]).
The drug
The leaves, divided in 3-5 segments, are opposed. I involve of the chapters, cylindrical, is formed by brácteas of unequal length: the external ones are shorter than the internal ones.
The flowers, of pink color and deprived of lígulas, are in a receiver without grudges: the style always is glabro. The aquenios are black and free. Before the absence of an official method of control, a study by means of C.C.F. can be made to verify the presence of lactonas majority (revealing KMnO4) or of the flavonoides and acids fenoles (revealing U.V. and difenilborato of aminoetanol).
Bibliography
[ 652 ] H. HENDRIKS, R. BOS and To P. BRUINS
Analysis of the essential oil of Eupatorium cannabinum by com-
bined gas chromatography- but spectrometry using electron im-
pact and negative chemical ion ionization
It plants Med., 51, 541-542, 1985.
[ 653 ] H. HENDRICKS, T.M. MALINGRÉ and E.T. ELEMA
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids, flavonoids and volatile compounds in
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drug with new perspectives
Pharm. Weekbl., [ Sc. Ed. ], 5, 281-286, 1983.
[ 654 ] R. AQUINO, M. D´AGOSTINO, M. DOMESTICO, F. Sena-
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nabinum
Fitoterapia, 59, 236-238, 1988.
[ 655 ] R. SIEBERTZ, P. PROKSCH, V. WRAY and L.WITTE
Accumulation and biosynthesis of benzofurans in root cultures
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[ 656 ] H. HENDRIKS, W. BALRAADJSING, H.J. HUIZING and A.P.
BRUINS
Investigation into the presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Eu-
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chemical ionization Gc-ms
It plants Med., 53, 456-461, 1987.
[ 657 ] H.J. HUIZING, F. OF BOER, H. HENDRIKS, W. Balraadj-
SING and A.P. BRUINS.
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[ 658 ] C.ZDERO and F. BOHLMANN
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[ 659 ] To VOLLMAR. W. SCHÄFER and H. WAGNER
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[ 660 ] H.J. WOERDENBAG
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