The leaves, are in the base grouped in rosettes, have a limb attenuated in peciolo; deeply they are divided in triangular unequal lobes. The solitary chapters are formed by liguladas flowers yellow and surrounded by reflected and lanceoladas outer brácteas.
Origin
The lion tooth is a particularly frequent species in the prairies and humid fields and the edges of the ways. The intense polymorphism that characterizes to the species is related to the existence of complex poliploides: in Europe they have described about to 30 525 groups [ ].
Chemical composition
The sugar content in the root very is elevated: near 20% of fruitful in the roots in spring and of inulina (polymeric of fruitful) in variable amount: until 40% in autumn. The presence of an acyl-gluco'sido of ß-hidroxi is observed?-butirolactona: taraxacósido [ 526 ]. The other compounds identified in the root of lion tooth come from the metabolism of mevalónico acid: lactonas bitter and triterpenos.
• Lactonas sesquiterpénicas. These compounds, very bitter, either heterósidos of are germacranólidos acid, or of eudesmanólidos like the tetrahidroridentina 527 B or the ß-glucósido one of taraxacólido [ ].
• Triterpenos. They are derived from the taraxastano, that is to say, of an analogous skeleton to the one of the ursano: taraxasterol and?-taraxasterol. These two insaturados alcohol, differs by the position of the double connection: yuxtacíclico in 20,30 or intracyclical in 20,21; their acetate and its derivative hidroxilado in 16 are accompanied by: arnidiol and faradiol.
• Esteroles. ß-sitosterol frees and forms of glucósido; estigmasterol.
The leaves contain flavonoides, its potassium content is important and its 528 sesquiterpénicas bitterness must to heterósidos of lactonas [ ]. In the flowers they are carotenoid.
Farmacológicos data
By its bitter principles, the root of lion tooth (Taraxacum dens leonis), stimulates the secretion of the organs of the digestion; it is used in gastric hypoacidity, lack of appetite and in digestive upheavals in general.
One has demonstrated scientifically that it exerts a beneficial action on the hepática function: the bile secretion increases between two and four times. The ready people to suffer biliary litiasis can use the root of Taraxacum preventively. Its action is based on the stimulation of the cellular function and the metabolism in general.
The root of Taraxacum presents/displays properties colagogas and coleréticas reason why are used in the colecistopatías and the hepática insufficiency.
It has in addition a powerful diurética and natriurética activity in comparison with most of hepáticas drugs. In this case it seems to be that the aerial part would be more active than the root.
It is used in thinning treatments. The root of Taraxacum is slightly laxative. All these properties cause that it is used like purifying in reumatismo, drop and eczema chronic.
In order to verify the effect of the loss of weight, a study in rats took place and mice and were observed that after the administration of the plant, the corporal weight in both animals decreased in a 30% [ 530 ]. The diurética action was also verified and it was compared with the Furosemida. In this study, one demonstrates that the diurético and salurético effect is superior to which is observed with other medicinal plants, and is comparable to that furosemida is obtained with.
In the toxicológicos studies in acute and subacute phase [ 531 has been demonstrated to the toxicity absence (3 g/kg, 300 and 600 mg/kg/día of pulverized drug criomolida, rat, to per you) ].
In Spain one authorizes the use of this plant like colagogo and colerético. It facilitates the functions of renal and digestive elimination. Helping in thinning regimes. Like purifying in reumatismos, chronic drop and eczema.
The drug
The pivotante root of brown-blackish and longitudinally wrinkled color, presents/displays plans of the insertion by the secondary roots and, in some occasions, of the rest of peciolos of leaves in its superior part. Numerous laticíferos appear in concentric layers in secondary liber; they are possible also to be observed in the pulverized drug, appear in addition great parenquimatosas cells and glasses cross-linkings. It is necessary to verify the absence of tropánicos alkaloids (possibility of confusion with the roots of Solanáceas), also one is due to characterize the inulina - by means of the product of acid hydrolysis of this polymer - and lactonas sesquiterpénicas.
Bibliography
[ 525 ] P. DELAVEAU Pissenlit
Act. Pharm., (257), 49-50, 1988.
[ 526 ] H.W. RAUWALD and J-t. HUANG
Taraxacoside, to type of acylated g-butyrolactone glycoside from Taraxacum officinale
Phytochemistry, 24, 1557-1559, 1985.
[ 527 ] R. HÄNSEL, M. KARTARAHARDJA, J-t. HUANG and F. BOHLMANN
Sesquiterpenlacton-b-D glucopyranoside sowie ein neues Eudesmanolid aus Taraxacum officinale
Phytochemistry, 19, 857-861, 1980.
[ 528 ] T. KUUSI, H. PYYSALO and K. AUTIO
The bitterness properties of dandelion II Chemical investigations
Lebensm. - Wiss. or-Technol., 18, 347-349, 1985.
[ 529 ] H. SCHILCHER
Pflanzliche Diuretika
Urologe [ B ], 27, 215-222, 1987.
[ 530 ] And Rack-kotilla, G. RACZ and To SOLOMON
The action of Taraxacum officinale extracts on the body weight and diuresis of laboratory animals
It plants Med., 26, 212-217, 1974.
[ 531 ] Pissenlit, toxicológico dossier of Laboratories ARKOPHARMA.
Diseases in whose treatment this plant is adapted
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