Place of origin: Native species of almost all Europe, Asia Smaller and North Africa.
Etimología: Prunus, Latin name of the wild plum tree. Avium, of the Latin, means of the birds, alluding to the consumption of its fruits by the birds.
Description: Tree caducifolio that can arrive at the 25 ms of stature, with the smooth crust, fastened with rings, of reddish brown color, that is given off in wide cross-sectional bands. Simple, ovado-oblong leaves, acuminadas, of 7.5-12.5 cm. in length and 3,5-5 cm. in width, fasciculadas in the end of short small branches. Irregularly sawed margin. More or less pubescente beam glabro and envés. Pecíolo of 4-5 cm. in length, with 2-3 reddish glands near the limb. When falling the leaves acquire a very decorative reddish-orange tonality. White flowers of 2-3 cm. of diameter that appear before or to the time that the leaves. They are arranged in umbeliformes axillary hacecillos of 2-6 cm. in length, with pedúnculos lengths. Globosos, fleshy fruits, depressed in the apex, of 1 cm. of diameter or something greater in the cultivated units. They are of blackish red color, nonpruinosos.
Culture and uses: Its wood is heavy, lasts, very considered in tornería, ebanistería, for the manufacture of furniture, instruments and plates. From its fruits the licor well-known is obtained "Kirsch". Cultivated like fruit tree and sometimes with ornamentales aims.
Active Principles
Salicílicos derivatives, potassium salts, tannins, flavonoides. The fruits very rich in are antocianósidos.
Farmacológica Action
The potassium salts and the flavonoides confer diuréticas properties to him. By its content in salicílicos derivatives a febrífuga and analgesic action is attributed to him.
The juice of the fruit (specially the one of the violáceas varieties) has a vitaminic action P and it is used frequently like perfuming of syrups.
The acetónico extract of the pedúnculos produced a cardiotónico effect experimentally, increasing the inotropismo in a 20-25% (Paris ET al., 1995)
Properties and indications: the wild cherries, and also the cultivated ones, contain one balanced combination of active principles, that make of this fruit an excellent food-medicine:
Glúcidos: easily assimilable sugars (even by the diabetics) in form of fruitful levulosa or, whose amount oscillates from 3% to 15%.
Vitamins: carotenes (provitamin A) in appreciable amount, thus like small amounts of vitamins del group B and vitamin C.
Minerals: iron, calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, sodium, and mainly potassium, as well as an ample range of oligoelementos (zinc, receives, manganese, cobalt, etc.), that confer to the cherries remineralizantes and tonificantes properties of the organism.
Natural acids: málico, succínico and citrus, on whose percentage its more or less acid flavor depends, and that acts like stimulating of the digestive glands and purifying of the blood.
Soluble vegetal fiber: pectina in small amount, that confers a smooth laxative effect to them.
Flavonoides, that makes them slightly diuréticas.
Salicílico acid in small proportion (about 2 mg by kilo of cherries), that confers certain antiinflammatory and antiarthritic effect to them.
The pedúnculos of the fruits (cherry tails) contain salts mineral (mainly of potassium) and flavonoides, principles to which must their smooth diurética action, safe and free of indirect effect. They constitute one of the best known vegetal diuréticos. They will benefit specially from this medicinal fruit:
Obese and the full ones, to those who it will make become thin without risk of undernourishment or mineral imbalance. In addition, the cherries have the property to attenuate the hunger sensation.
The arthritics and gotosos, to those who he will make descend the levels of úrico acid in blood and will alleviate his pains you will articulate.
Who suffer inflammation of the urinary routes (pielonefritis or cystitis), had to chronic infection or to litiasis (urinary calculations).
Those that suffer of chronic constipation due to laziness or intestinal atony, since they have a smooth laxative and tonificante effect of all the digestive conduit.
Contraindications
Not to prescribe forms of metering with alcoholic content to smaller children of two years nor to consultantes in process of etílica deshabituación.
Precaution/Poisonings
The use of diuréticos in the presence of hypertension or cardiopathies, only must become by prescription and under medical checkup, given the possibility of appearance of a tensional descompensación or, if the potassium elimination is considerable, an involution of the effect of the cardiotónicos.
To consider the alcoholic content of the fluid extract and the dye.
Use: the cure of cherries is made consuming like only food half kilo of mature fruits, 4 or 5 daily times, during 1-2 days. If the cherries are wild, it is recommended to take a smaller amount, because they contain a greater proportion of active principles. Those that they suffer of gastric weakness or slow digestions, will have to take the boiled cherries. It is recommended to put in between the takings of fruits, several cups of tisane of pedúnculos (tails).
In decocción of pedúnculos, doing to boil 50 grams of cherry tails (fresh or dry) during 5 minutes. Several cups to the day are taken, either of isolated form or in combination with one cures of cherries.
Galénicas Forms/Dosage
- Decocción: 30 to 50 g/l, to boil 10 minutes. To take means liter to the day. If the pedúnculos are fresh, to macerate previously during 12 hours.
- fluid Extract (1:1): 30-50 drops, three to five times to the day (1 to 3 g/día).
- It tinctures (1:5): 50-100 drops, one to three times to the day.
Bibliography
Bézanger-Beauquesne, L; Pinkas, M; Torck, M. You plant dans to Them the Therapeutique Moderne. 2ª. Paris: Maloine, 1986, p. 348.
Bézanger-Beauquesne, L; Pinkas, M; Torck, M; Trotin, F. Plantes Médicinales DES Regions Tempérées. Paris: Maloine, 1980, p. 205.
Fernandez, M; Grandson, To Plantas Medicinal. Pamplona: Editions University of Navarre, 1982, p. 143.
Mulet, L. Estudio Etnobotánico of the Province of Castellón. Castellón: Provincial delegation, 1991, p. 351.
Paris, RR; Moyse, M. Précis de Matière Médicale. Take II. Paris: Masson, 1967, p. 419.
Peris, JB; Stübing, G; Vanaclocha, B. Applied Fitoterapia. Valencia: M.I. Official school of Phamacists, 1995, p. 217.
Peris, JB; Stübing, G; Figuerola, R. Gui'a of Plantas Medicinal of the Valencian Community. Valencia: The Provinces, 1996, p. 278.
Villar, L; Palacín, JM; Bald, C; Go'mez, D; Montserrat, G. Plantas Medicinal of the Pyrenean oscenses Aragonese and others tierrras. 2ª. Huesca: Provincial Delegation, 1992, p.186.
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