Herbaceous that measures between 30 cm. to 1 m of height. Almost all the stem has pelillos and the leaves are small of winding edges. The flowers have the chalice divided in five parts with star form. She is original of Europe and cultivated to a large extent of the country. It lives associate to diverse types of tropical forest caducifolia, subcaducifolia, subperennifolia and perennifolia; scrub xerófilo, forests mesófilo of mountain, encino and compound of pine.
One said that the water of borrajas (infusion of flowers) was excellent a stimulant of the heart, but nothing else far from the reality, and of there the phrase that are applied to a project or an agreement that have not taken to aim: "it has been in water of borrajas".
Borraja has medicinal applications against the flatulencia, the bronchitis, the cystitis, the retention of tinkles, the fever and the urticaria.
The cataplasms of leaves escaldadas of borraja, applied on the zones
Stranger in the antiquity, is created original del the northwest of Africa, of where commerce passed to Europe to traverse del of the Arabs.
CHARACTERISTICS: Annual plant of about 50 cm. of height, totally covered of spiny hairs. It is born in autumn and it dies in the summer of the following year. Alternating, of dark color, very rough leaves, basal with pecíolos the superior ones embracing directly to the stem. The flowers, starred, blue, are grouped in clusters in the extremity of the stem.
LOCATION: In Europe, where it grows in the left ways, next to the ways, in humid earth.
ACTIVE PRINCIPLES: All the plant contains mucílago (gelatinous substance) in abundant amount tannins, saponina, draws resin from and, specially, silicic acid, to which the properties of the plant are attributed to him.
MEDICINAL PROPERTIES: If it is demonstrated that it does not cause any effect on the cardiac muscle, their sudoríficas and diuréticas properties are proven, and also serves to calm pains produced by traumatismos.
HARVESTING: The leaves must take shelter in spring when still they are tender, and the flowers, that cut of one in one, at the height of summer, when they are well open. The flowers must be dried immediately, in the shade, papers or on a clothes linen cloth.
USES And APPLICATIONS: Like sudoríficas, the flowers in infusion are used. The fresh, escaldadas with little water and applied leaves in hot on the zone affected by the pain, alleviate this last one. They can be boiled and be taken well like vegetable (as if they were beets). The resulting liquid, of the boiling is a good diurético. It has who rebozadas with egg and the flour frying them with much oil.
Used Part
The obtained oil of the seeds, the flowers and occasionally the leaves.
Active Principles
- Flowers: Neutral Mucílago (30%), abundant mineral salts (silica, calcium, potassium); resins, flavonoides, antocianósidos, alantoína; plans of pirrolizidínicos alkaloids. The leaves contain tannins and silicic acid (2,2%).
- Oil of the seeds (30%), rich in insaturados fatty acids: oleic, linoleico, gamma-linole'nico (precursory of the prostaglandins).
Farmacológica Action
- Flowers: The mucílagos confer demulcentes properties to him, with an antiinflammatory action; reepitelizante, by alantoína. The potassium salts, along with the flavonoides, produce a diurético and sudorífico effect.
- Oil: by his wealth gamma-linole'nico acid (precursory of the prostaglandins), it acts like hipocolesterolemiante, antidismenorreico, emollient (eudérmico). In addition it is considered that it influences positively in the regulation of the hormonal system and the general metabolism.
Indications
Tail of the Scorpion is used mainly of also the call to treat affections like cough, gripa, tosferina, bronchitis, asthma, anginas, backache, smallpox, measles, varicela, infections of the stomach, tifoidea, ulcers, drop and reumatismo. Due to his linoleico acid content, it makes descend the rate from cholesterol. Diurética, sudorífica and expectorante. It fights the melancholic states, since it stimulates the adrenal glands. The flowers are used to perfume the wine. The leaves are consumed crude in salads or cooked. The oil of seeds of borraja regulates the hormonal system, helping to regulate the menstrual cycles and upheavals of the menopause.
The recommended treatment consists of using the branches with its flowers and making a cofoundation that is administered by oral route, same that in some cases is mixed with manzanilla. One is used to lower the fever and to alleviate problems of the skin, in addition it is recommended like diurético. One says that from century XVII old the Mexicans used it like purge or to fortify the body.
External use: The crushed leaves are applied I warm up in cataplasm form to alleviate the pains the drop and to soften forúnculos and abscesses.
Contraindications
Flowers: Hepatopatías, neoplasias, pregnancy (by its content in pirrolizidínicos alkaloids).
Not to prescribe forms of metering with alcoholic content to smaller children of two years nor to consultantes in process of etílica deshabituación.
Precaution/Poisonings
To consider the alcoholic content of the fluid extract and the dye.
Galénicas Forms/Dosage
Flowers
Internal use:
- Infusion: 5-10 g/l. To instill 10 minutes. One to three cups to the day.
- fluid Extract (1:1): 10-30 drops, one to three times to the day.
- It tinctures (1:5): 30-50 drops, one to three times to the day.
External use: cataplasms of leaves and flowers, by its demulcente action.
Oil of Borraja:
Internal use: 75 mg, in soft capsules, 2 to 4 to the day, after the meals.
Topical use: pure oil or in emulsion O/A to 5%.
Bibliography
Bézanger-Beauquesne, L; Pinkas, M; Torck, M. You plant dans to Them the Therapeutique Moderne. 2ª. Paris: Maloine, 1986, p. 107.
Bézanger-Beauquesne, L; Pinkas, M; Torck, M; Trotin, F. Plantes Médicinales DES Regions Tempérées. Paris: Maloine, 1980, p. 279.
Bruneton, J. Elementos de Fitoquímica and Farmacognosia. Zaragoza: Acribia, 1991, p. 88; 395.
Farnworsth, NR. Relative Inocuidad of the remedies with plants. Natura Medicatrix, 1995; 37-78: 30-35.
James, A; Duke, Ph D. Handbook of Medicinal Herbs. 5ª. Mouth Mouse, Florida: CRC Press, 1987, pp. 81; 234; 518.
Fernandez, M; Grandson, To Plantas Medicinal. Pamplona: Editions University of Navarre, 1982, p. 44.
Gupta, MP. 270 Plantas Medicinal Latin American. Santafé of Bogota: Latin American program of Science and technology for Desarrollo (CYTED), 1995, p. 201.
Him Floc'h, And Contribution to unites Etude Ethnobotanique of the Flore Tunisienne. Imprimerie Officielle of the République Tunisienne, 1983, p. 199.
Mulet, L. Estudio Etnobotánico of the Province of Castellón. Castellón: Provincial delegation, 1991, pp. 87-8.
Mulet, L. toxic Flora of the Valencian Community. Castellón: Provincial delegation, 1997, p. 96-7.
Paris, RR; Moyse, M. Précis de Matière Médicale. Take III. Paris: Masson, 1971, p. 137.
Peris, JB; Stübing, G; Vanaclocha, B. Applied Fitoterapia. Valencia: M.I. Official school of Phamacists, 1995, pp. 179-80.
Peris, JB; Stübing, G; Figuerola, R. Gui'a of Plantas Medicinal of the Valencian Community. Valencia: The Provinces, 1996, p. 60.
Creek, D; Obón, C. Gui'a Incafo of Plantas Useful and Poisonous of the Iberian Peninsula and Baleares. Madrid: Incafo, 1991, pp. 829-31.
Hellemont, J. Compendium de Phytotherapie go. Bruxelles: Association Pharmaceutique Belge, 1986, p. 69.
Villar, L; Palacín, JM; Bald, C; Go'mez, D; Montserrat, G. Plantas Medicinal of the Pyrenean oscenses Aragonese and others tierrras. 2ª. Huesca: Provincial delegation, 1992, p. 50.
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