In the Average Age, the belladona comprised of the "ointment of the witches", one pócima in which also took part beleños (plants, like the belladona, rich in alkaloids) and that was applied on the skin. It was sufficient to cause a obnubilación state during which, according to the stories of those who they experienced such sensation, they believed to fly on places improbable and to participate in thousands of extraordinary experiences. Most of the wizards whom they provided the ointment finished their days in the bonfire.
CHARACTERISTICS: Plant vivaz of underground stem (rizoma) cylindrical from which the root arises, very long, of until a meter, in form of nabo. The aerial stem, of a meter of height or is divided more in three or more branches than start of the same point, covers of pelusilla. The leaves, great, made oval, with the whole edges, are placed in alternating form in the inferior part, whereas in the superior part meetings are arranged, of two in two, the greater one than the other, between which he appears pedúnculo of a flower. The fruit, in the beginning green, is red when maturing, of the aspect and color of the cherries, but unlike these, he is poisonous. Taken care of!
LOCALIZACION: It lives in central Europe, western Asia and western Africa, in the clear ones of the forests, in zones mainly deforested. In Spain to Italy also it grows spontaneously in some mountainous zones. It requires calcáreos, deep, rich grounds in nitrogen and, mainly, much sun, because on him the leaves depend to make alkaloids.
MEDICINAL PROPERTIES: It is known, from the time of the Romans, who the belladona paralyzes the activity of the rainbow of the eye: one says that the young women put belladona in the eyes to maintain the rainbow open and to heighten their beauty. Probably from the belladona name comes there. In effect, the atropine paralyzes the activity of the rainbow of the eye, as well as the musculatura of the pharynx, disabling the swallowing. It is, in general, a sedative.
HARVESTING: At the end of summer, after the maturation of the fruit, because from then it begins to decay the synthesis of alkaloids.
USES And APPLICATIONS: Its use into the hands of specialists must be left. The atropine uses the ophtalmologists to examine the eyes.
Of the toxicity of the belladona the popular knowledge is a ilustrativo example that remembers that nobody must sleep next to a belladona plant, because its aroma would be enough to clear the life to him.
Small branch of belladona with its fruit, that is poisonous. It is precise to know it, because it can grow of spontaneous form in the mountainous zones.
The belladona paralyzes the rainbow activity reason why it is used by the ophtalmologists to examine the eyes.
Used Part
The leaves and the roots.
Active Principles
- aerial Parts: tropánicos alkaloids (0,03-0,06%): l-hiosciamina (predominant in the fresh plant), atropine (in the dry plant), norhiosciamina, noratropina. Esters of escopanol: escopolamina or hioscina, atroscina. Hidroxicumarina: escopoletol.
It has a parasimpaticolítico effect: midriático, broncodilatador, vasoconstrictor, salivares, gastric, nasal, sudorales, etc. diminish secretions, fight the spasmodic contractions at digestive level. At external level, it has a local analgesic effect.
Glaucoma, arterial hypertension, adenoma of prostate.
Indirect effect
Dryness of mouth, tachycardia, accentuated midriasis, nauseas, delirium, loss of the conscience.
Precaution/Poisonings
All the plant, specially the berries, is very toxic, being able to produce fatal accidents, mainly in children.
The poisoning is characterized by a clinical picture of anticolinérgico type: dryness of mouth, tachycardia, accentuated midriasis, nauseas, agitation, delirium, loss of the conscience and death by depression of the respiratory centers.
Galénicas Forms/Dosage
Due to the great toxicity of the alkaloids and to the little therapeutic margin, we advised against its prescription in ponderales doses internally.
Exclusive use under medical checkup. To prescribe forms of metering with valuation of its content in alkaloids.
Bibliography
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Creek, D; Obón, C. Gui'a Incafo of Plantas Useful and Poisonous of the Iberian Peninsula and Baleares. Madrid: Incafo, 1991, pp. 790-5
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