This original plant of Mexico acquired great popularity several years ago because in her were very useful medicinal properties. The main quality is that it acts, like healing, disinfectant, desinflamante and how analgesic. Of the leaves and branches cataplasms or by means of the cofoundation take control, promotions for the wounds. In internal blows and contusions in which there is pain, the Arnica or False Arnica is used to tea way, although also it can be applied macerated or in mixed form of pomada with butter. One has recommended, in addition for sores, ronchas, infections and gallings of baby - by means of the cofoundation or application of compresas -, reumas, pain ulcers, stomach, lung, of chest, muscular and renal, whose treatment is to take the infusion as water from use.
The False Arnica is a plant that measures less than 1 m of height. The leaves are extended and wide. Their flowers are grouped and placed in circular form. One is generally in climates and tempering warm, semiwarm, semidry. It is cultivated in orchards, although it grows associate to the tropical forest caducifolia and perennifolia, scrub xerófilo, forests of encino and compound of pine.
Arnica
Montana arnica
One is a plant that we could describe as modern, because it was not well-known or more exactly, its qualities were not taken advantage of by the wise people of old Greece. Own of the mountain (where the shepherds use the dry leaves to roll cigarettes), one is used to alleviate to blows and twists.
Used Part
The floral chapters and popularly also the root, of the species montana Arnica L. or Arnica chamissonis foliosa Less. ssp. (Nutt.) Maguire.
CHARACTERISTICS: Green plant, with rizoma from which a stem of less arises than half meter of stop and that culminates in a compound flower (like those of daisies), with the orange red center and the yellow petals. In the base a rosette of long leaves forms whose aspect remembers a lance, and sometimes from the own stem ramifications by pairs arise that culminate in individual floral groupings. Mountain tobacco is also called.
LOCATION: One only is in mountains, silíceos grounds, in cold climates, with snow in winter.
ACTIVE PRINCIPLES: Active Principles
Lactonas sesquiterpénicas (0,2-0,8%) pseudoguayanólido type (helenalina 11a, 13-hidroxihelenalina, and its esters with acids acetic, isobutírico, metacrílico, tíglico. The Arnica chamissonis contains greater proportion of lactonas: 0,6-1,7%, being in addition arnifolina, camisonólido and its esters. Essential oil (0,2-0,3%): n-alkanas, derivatives of timol, monkey and sesquiterpenos (alpha-felandreno, humuleno, mirceno, delta-cadineno, oxide of cariofileno); cinámico acid and its derivatives (acid caféico, clorogénico, cinarina); flavonoides; cumarinas (umbeliferona, escopoletina); poliacetilenos; hill; xantofílicos pigments; tannins; fitosteroles. Plans of pirrolizidínicos alkaloids (tusilagina, isotusilagina).
The European Farmacopea indicates that the dry flowers of montana Arnica will have to contain a 0.7% of lactonas at least sesquiterpénicas.Posee essences, but peculiarly those of the flowers Both organs, only the farmacológicamente active ones are different from those from rizoma, have, in addition to the essence, a substance formed by several chemical compounds and that are known like arnicina. This last one is the person in charge of the properties of the plant, whereas the essences equip to the flowers of a perfume like the one with manzanilla, and rizoma smells humid radishes.
MEDICINAL PROPERTIES: The arnica favors the sanguineous circulation, reason why his it uses is indicated in external injuries that they have not caused hurt: blows, twists, cardinals. Also it is a cardiac tonic.
Farmacológica Action
Analgesic, healing, antiseptic, antimicrobial Antiinflamatorio, (gram positive and as opposed to negative), antifúngico, antihistamine. Cardiotónico, analéptico cardiorrespiratorio (to see precautions), hipolipemiante, plaquetario antiagregante. Colagogo, sedative, slightly espasmolítico.
The roots and leaves are used popularly like febrífugo and vulnerario (healing, antiseptic).
HARVESTING: The flowers must be taken immediately, as soon as they finish opening itself, before they are parasitadas by the flies, that is to say, at the end of the spring. Rizoma can be taken later, already entered the autumn.
USES And APPLICATIONS: A blow or a twist is used almost exclusively as it tinctures, in external application on the part affected by. In order to prepare the dye, 100 grams are taken from flowers and they are placed in a container with a liter of alcohol, it is covered and it is left at least in rest during nine days. One filters and one keeps in a dark bottle. Whenever one is going away to use, the necessary amount is extracted and it is mixed with water to equal parts; it is applied with a soaked gauze and it is thrown what exceeds. His it uses internal must be exclusive of specialists, because a high dose could be toxic.
Indications
Due to its potential toxicity, we recommended to limit itself its antiinflammatory and vulnerario topical use like, in contusions, luxaciones, hematomas, cutaneous equímosis, escoceduras, irritations, acne, prurito, urticaria, neuralgias, inflammations you will articulate, mialgias, estomatitis, gingivitis, faringitis and tonsilitis.
Contraindications
Hipersensibilidad to the flower of arnica or other compound ones.
Pregnancy, lactancia (oral route).
Opened wounds, dermatitis (topical use).
Hepatopatías, although seems to be that the tusilagina and isotusilagina do not have the hepatoxicidad of other pirrolizidínicos alkaloids.
Processes of etílica deshabituación, smaller children of two years (forms of metering with alcoholic content by oral route).
Precaution/Poisonings
To avoid its prescription internally: It is a very toxic plant. High doses can produce nervous alterations: hallucinations, vertigos; digestive problems (he is very irritating of the mucous), disnea and cardiac failure (the helenalina has a inotrópico effect by indirect simpaticomimética action).
In case of prescription internally, not to exceed the indicated doses.
In topical use, due to lactonas sesquiterpénicas (specially to the helenalina and its derivatives), it can produce cutaneous allergic reactions in form of edemas and vesicular dermatitis, reason why it must be used always very diluted. In case of dermatitis appearance, to suspend the treatment.
Galénicas Forms/Dosage
To see section of precautions.
Internal use:
- Infusion: 5 g/l. Two cups to the day.
- fluid Extract (1:5): 5-10 drops, one to three times to the day.
- It tinctures (1:10): 10-20 drops, one to three times to the day.
Topical use, in form of lotions or contracted compresas:
- Infusion to 2-4 %.
- Dye (1:10) diluted to 10% in water.
- fluid Extract: diluted to 20%
- glicólico Extract (1:5), in form of creams or gels.
- fresh Plant: Popularly one is used in form of emplastos prepared with the flowery sumidades or the crushed root.
Frequently the arnica flowers are parasitadas by the larva of a fly that deposits eggs as soon as the flowering culminates, reason why must take shelter the flowers as rapidly as possible, anticipating itself to the arrival of the flies.
Plant of arnica in which the detail of one of the tiny flowers can be observed that conform the inflorescencia, the daisy. This plant grows in European mountains and of North America, but as she is scarce in his natural state, is prote'ge'e by the law in numerous countries.
Bibliography
Benigni, R; Capra, C; Cattorini, P. Piante Medicinali. Chimica, Farmacologia and Terapia. Milano: Inverni & Della Beffa, 1962, pp. 103-4.
Bézanger-Beauquesne, L; Pinkas, M; Torck, M. You plant dans to Them the Therapeutique Moderne. 2ª. Paris: Maloine, 1986, p. 87.
Bézanger-Beauquesne, L; Pinkas, M; Torck, M; Trotin, F. Plantes Médicinales DES Regions Tempérées. Paris: Maloine, 1980, p. 377.
European Scientific Cooperative On Phytotherapy (E.S.C.O.P.). Medicinal Monographs on the you use of plant drugs. Fascicle 4: Arnicae flos (Arnica to flower). July, 1997.
Fernandez, M; Grandson, To Plantas Medicinal. Pamplona: Editions University of Navarre, 1982, p. 35.
James, A; Duke, Ph D. Handbook of Medicinal Herbs. 5ª. Mouth Mouse, Florida: CRC Press, 1987, pp. 64; 517; 548.
It ballast, JJ; Bachelor, LI. Medicinal plants in Asturias and the Cantabrian Cornice. Gijón: Trea editions, 1997, pp. 79-80.
Paris, RR; Moyse, M. Précis de Matière Médicale. Take III. Paris: Masson, 1971, pp. 467-9.
Peris, JB; Stübing, G; Vanaclocha, B. Applied Fitoterapia. Valencia: M.I. Official school of Phamacists, 1995, pp. 158-9.
Hellemont, J. Compendium de Phytotherapie go. Bruxelles: Association Pharmaceutique Belge, 1986, p. 45.
Villar, L; Palacín, JM; Bald, C; Go'mez, D; Montserrat, G. Plantas Medicinal of the Pyrenean oscenses Aragonese and others tierrras. 2ª. Huesca: Provincial delegation, 1992, p. 36.
Wichtl, M. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceutical. To for Handbook Practice on to Scientific basis. Stuttgart: Medpharm Scientific Publishers, 1994, pp. 83-7.
Wijnsma R; Woerdenbag HJ; Busse W. Die Bedeutung von Arnika-Arten in der Phytotherapie. Z. Phytotherapie 1995; 16:48-62.
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