Poppy of California; al.: Kalifornischer Mohn, Schlafmützchen; ingl.: California poppy. Generally annual herbaceous plant. It presents/displays a stem that first reclines and soon it is straightened. Their leaves are tripennatífidas, stipulated. It has actinomorphic, dímeras flowers, with four free petals whose color can go from the yellow to the red one. The fruit is a dehiscente capsule with two valvas.
Aerial Part
* not to confuse with Elsholtzia (Lamiácea).
Generally annual herbaceous plant. It presents/displays a stem that first reclines and soon it is straightened. Their leaves are tripennatífidas, stipulated. It has actinomorphic, dímeras flowers, with four free petals whose color can go from the yellow to the red one. The fruit is a dehiscente capsule with two valvas.
Origin
The plant is developed in vast extensions and coastal dunes, as well as in barren plains, valleys and in the margins of the deserts of California. It has been able to adapt to European grounds, where it is cultivated for his later ornamental use.
Chemical composition
The drug contains fitosteroles, carotenoid, flavonoides, heterósidos cianogenéticos [ 21 ]. All the organs of the plant contain numerous isoquinoleínicos alkaloids, divided in six differentiated structural groups good: protopinas (specially the alocriptopina), aporfinas (laurotetanina, glaucina, isocoridina), benzo[c]fenantridinas (sanguinarina, celeritrina, celidonina, celilutina, dihidromacarpina), protoberberinas ((-)-&-canadina, coptisina...) and bencilisoquinoleínas are frequent in the Papaveráceas and 22.23 Fumariáceas [ ]. The last group, the one of the pavinas, is more of restricted distribution. The six groups of alkaloids are present in the roots, the benzo[c]fenantridinas, specially the sanguinarina, are not in 25 the aerial parts [ ] or, according to some authors, they are only present as plans.
Farmacológicos data
With regard to the pharmacology of the whole plant, it is possible to say that very it has not been studied, nevertheless the one of some alcoloides presents in its composition has given rise to numerous publications.
The protopina is antispasmodic, its slight anticolinérgicas properties were stated in íleon isolated of coberry [ 26 ]. In the rat, ] increases to the fixation of the GABA in membrane the sinápticos receivers of the brain [ 27.
The similar alocriptopina and alkaloids are antifibrilantes, bradicardizantes and accelerating of the coronary flow. The pharmacology of the benzo[c]fenantridinas very has been studied, particularly the one of the quaternary derivatives that interact with biopolímeros[28 ]. The sanguinarina, inhibiting of the ATPasa dependent Na+K+ and acetilcolinesterasa, inotropa, bactericidal and fungicida, is a little toxic molecule, contrary to which thought during long 29 time [ ]. The berberinas and the aporfinas also have been object of numerous 30 investigations [ ]. Nevertheless, nothing is known about the pharmacology of the specific alkaloids of this sort. A work published in 1988 sample that the dye is sedative and espasmolítica: its division allows to state that some active fractions contain 34 alkaloids and others not [ ].
Observations in the Man
Although the farmacológicos studies available do not contribute any indication on the attributed activity to the drug, this one is used like sedative and light hipnótico. "the clinical" studies are little numerous and although they show its effectiveness in the upheavals of the dream, these have not been made as opposed to placebo.
The administration of the drug of form continued during long periods of time, provides a 86% of positive answers: diminution of the time of conciliation of the dream and improves of the 31 quality of same [ ]. Another study made in subjects with 33 neuropsiquiátricos problems [ ] sample that the administration to serious mental patients is not effective, as well as either in case of at night or precocious insomnia to half. Nevertheless, the results are excellent in case of initial insomnia.
Use
The whole plant is used in Germany in the treatment of the neuropatías of the boy. In France, the plant is used to deal with the problems conciliation of the dream, the insomnia of the second part at night, the anxiety and the upheavals due to an excess of emotividad.
In Spain the use of this plant for the treatment of the neurotónicos states (nervousness, irritation) of adults and children is authorized, specially in upheavals of the dream (insomnia).
To the margin of the preliminary tests made in mouse and the studies published on the 29 sanguinarina [ ], is only had fragmentary data on the toxicología of this drug.
The drug
The stems, glaucos, slightly fluted longitudinally, have a regular section. The leaves, isolated, alternating, deprived of estípulas, are subdivided very finely in segments lineares. The floral button - in form of acute cone it is surrounded by two caducos sépalos. The corola has two alternating and bímeros verticilos. The androceo contains periginos an indefinite and always important number of estambres, the gineceo presents/displays two carpelos welded in an ovary to unilocular with parietal placenta, ended by a short style.
The fruit is a dehiscente capsule longitudinally by two valvas. Like in all the Papaveráceas, the different californica And weaves are crossed by laticíferos tubes that secretan látex hialino. The alcaloídico content of the drug can be analyzed by means of chromatography, from a dye or a 25.32 extract [ ].
Bibliography
[ 21 ] P. DELAVEAU. Eschscholtzia de Californie.
Act. Pharm., (208), 33-34, 1984.
[ 22 ] V. PREININGER.
Chemotaxonomy of Papaveraceae and Fumariaceae. In:
The Alkaloids, To BROSSI éd., London, Academic. Press, 29, p. 1-98, 1986.
[ 23 ] J. SLAVIK and L. SLAVIKOVA.
Aerial An alkaloid from parts of three Eschscholtzia species.
Coll. Czech. Chem. Comm., 51, 1743-1751, 1986.
[ 24 ] B. GÖZLER, M.S. LANTZ and M. SHAMMA.
The pavine and isopavine alkaloids.
J. Nat. Prod., 46, 293-309, 1983.
[ 25 ] P. MASCHI.
Even Etude analityque méthodes chromatographiques d'extraits d'Eschscholtzia californica.
DESS of Contrôle DES Médicaments, Châtenary Malabry, 1983.
[ 26 ] L. ÜSTUNES, G. M. LAEKEMAN, B. GÖZLER, A.J. VLIETINCK, To ÖZER and To G. HERMAN.
In vitro study of the anticholinergic and antihistaminic activities of protopine type alkaloids.
J. Nat. Prod., 51, 1021-1022, 1988.
[ 27 ] J. KARDOS, G. BLASKO ET M. SIMONYI.
Receiving Enhancement of g-aminobutyric acid binding by protopine type alkaloids.
Arzneim-Forsch., 36, 939-940, 1986.
[ 28 ] V. SIMANEK.
Benzophenanthridine alkaloids. In: The Alkaloids, To BROSSI éd., London, Academic Press, 26, p. 185-240, 1985.
[ 29 ] R. ANTON.
Quelques nouvelles acquisitions dans him domaine medical scientifique ET.
Act. Pharm., (245), 69-73, 1987.
[ 30 ] For a complete bibliography diríjase to A. BROSSI, op. it., as well as to the scheduled inspections of: K. W. BENTLEY .
b-phenylethylamines and the isoquinoline alkoloids.
Nat. Prod. Reports, 1, 335-370, 1981; 2, 81-95, 1985; 3, 153-173, 1986; 4, 677-702, 1987; 5, 265-292, 1988; London, Royal Society of Chemistry.
[ 31 ] R. BALDACCI.
Contribution à l'utilisation in médicine of ville d' californica Eschscholtzia
Phytotherapy, (9), 31-32, 1984.
[ 32 ] Homéopathie: pharmacotechimie ET monographies DES médicaments courants.
Syndicat National of the Pharmacie Homéopatique, vol 2, 1981.
[ 33 ] And CARILLON.
Phytothérapie of l'insomnie, intérêt du Pavot jaune of Califormie: Californica Eschscholtzia, Papavéracées.
Thèse de Doctorat in Pharmacie, (Diplôme d'Etat), Paris XI, 1986.
[ 34 ] F.F. VINCIERI, S. CELLI, N. MULINACCI And E. SPERONI.
Biological An approach to the study of the activity of califorrnica Eschscholtzia Cham.
Diseases in whose treatment this plant is adapted
Insomnia
Migraña
Menopause
Sinusitis
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