Papaver somniferum L., to papaver somniferum nigrum L.
Other names:
Castilian: Narcotic, dormidera.
French: Pavot, pavot oeillette
English: Opium poppy, garde poppy
Dutch: Slaabpol, maankop, heulbol, to papaver
Italian: papavero
German: Weisser Gartenmohn, Schlafmohn
INTRODUCTION: The seeds of the narcotic contain a great percentage of oil, rich in phosphorus and lecitina, very similar to the oil of sunflower, eatable, although very little used in feeding, in spite of their capacity to reduce the cholesterol level in the blood.
Plant of narcotic with detail of the fruit to which small incisions (above) for the exit of látex have practiced with which the opium will make, and an open fruit letting leave the seeds (down).
Plantation of narcotics in Turkey. In most of countries this ground floor governmental control for the pharmaceutical industry is cultivated, but in some Asian countries the plantations are destined to the heroin production.
MEDICINAL PROPERTIES: The opium contains more than 20 alkaloids many of which they are narcotic. Its effect on the organism varies with the dose first acts like stimulating cardiac and cerebral, but when increasing the dose produces somnolencia and reduces to the muscular activity to greater doses loss the frequency cardiac and the pulmonary one.
HARVESTING: The narcotic and the poppy are two plants anvil of the family of the papaveráceas, caracterizadas by their capacity of synthesis of diversos alkaloids: while in the poppy one predominates (the readina), in the narcotic they have been identified more than twenty, mixed in a off-white juice, the opium.
CHARACTERISTICS: Herbaceous plant that lives little more on a year, of up to 2 ms of height. The stems, huecos, develop the flower in their end, with white or daring petals, very great. The fruit forms a hard capsule, like a small grenade that contains the seeds. The leaves, wide and of sawn edges, very numerous, are born directly of the stem, embracing it, without pecíolo.
LOCATION: It is a cultivated plant, of great tradition in Smaller Asia, Turkey and Egypt.
USES And APPLICATIONS: Today the narcotic in the greater one of the countries is cultivated, under governmental control his uses reserve to pharmaceutical it exclusively industries. Its main application is like analgesic and like narcotic some alkaloids like codeine, have antitusígena and analgesic activity
Family: PaparáceasOrigen: The south and the west of Asia. It is cultivated extensively in Smaller Asia, Turkey, Persia and other countries of the distant Oriente.Floración: Violácea white or rojiza.Altura: Up to 50-100 cm.Parte used medicinally: The immature seeds or capsules and the important inmadura.Componentes opium or látex dried of the capsule: The narcotic contains several alkaloids dissolved in látex or milky juice that flows cusndo still makes incisions in the fruit already developed but nonmature. This dried juice gives the crude opium, whose main content is morphine. Alkaloids: Fenantreno: (morphine......,20%), folcodina, codeine, Isoquinoleína thebaine: papaverina leudanósido narcobathtub laudanina narceínaTetrahidroisoquinolina CriptopinaIndicaciones therapeutic: In upheavals of the dream, prurito, helping in all the pruriginosas cutaneous diseases, painful menstruations, cólicos biliary renales and, diarreas rebels, ansiedad.Comentario: The narcotic enjoys sedative virtues diminishing the anxiety and reducing the central and neurovegetativo nervous tone. Also like analgesic, thanks to morphine, are useful in treatments of acute, cólicos pains biliary or renales serious character. Its content in fenantrénicos alkaloids makes useful in problems of convulsive cough, although nevertheless grave.Forma of preparation is contraindicated in cases of respiratory insufficiency: In infusion 6 gr.. of dry flowers by each liter of water. If 10 are fresh gr.. Extract fluid: between 3 and 9 gr. diarios.Recolección: From principles of spring to principles of veranoApuntes of interest: Annual plant Prefers sunny places Text of century XI: "... and their seeds, when they eat, produce dream and reduce the prurito and suppress to the lice and liendres; they are possible to be cooked in water, but crude they are better and more effective than cocidas." Use of the seeds: in the preparation of oils and like ingredient of pastry shop. The Greeks used it making bring it of smaller Asia. The Egyptians knew the opium or thebaico as he drugs medicinal from the century I SAW the Arabs specially disclosed its medicinal properties in the Average Age. Ground: moderately húmedo.El culture of the narcotic in Cuba In Cuba has been cultivating the narcotic for many years, in the months of winter, with received seeds of diverse countries. The seeds germinate quickly and in great amount if they are fresh, but is necessary to make seedtime direct because the positions do not support the transplant. During the winter the plants grow quickly and produce flowers and fruits, but as soon as a warm time appears or strong rain, the plants die quickly. Nevertheless, in spite of this many capsules in the country can be harvested. These are smaller than those than they are bought generally in the pharmacies with the narcotic name. Since there are saying, in Cuba the concerned seeds do not germinate, but when they are fresh do it quickly and in amount. In the places where it has been seeded and produced the narcotic, every year they appear spontaneous positions every time in greater amount and extension, and this makes us think that perhaps in mountains the opium with better results can be cultivated. The received seeds of Bulgaria had a very high germination, but the plants did not get to bloom. (Note taken from Juan Tomás Roig: Medicinal, aromatic or poisonous plants of Cuba)
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