CATARACTS

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	CATARACTS
	*CATARACTS*

CATARACTS

Cataracts

Opacificación (Enturbiamiento) of the ocular lens.

The lens is a flexible structure, is transparent near the front of the globe of the eye that helps to focus the vision and filters and refracts luminous rays.

The cataracts can be formed in one or both eyes. If they form both in eyes, its progression in each one of them can be very different.

The cataracts are not cancerous.

It affects both sexes, either to the birth, in the case of the congenital ones, or as of the 60 years, in the case of the senile ones.

Prognosis

In general it is cured with surgery.

Some cataracts do not affect the sufficient thing to the vision to need surgery. While "they mature" the cataracts (against more duro the crystalline, easier is put is to extract), it will have to change of glasses frequently to improve the vision, and to avoid the strong iluminaciones by means of sun glasses.

Complications

Loss of the vision.

Postoperating complications, including perforation of the eye.

Adhesions and loosening of retina.

Prevention

The women in reproductive age must be vaccinated against the rubéola if they have not had it or they have immunized themselves previously.

The drug use with cortisone or any other susceptible ones to affect the crystalline will have carefully to be watched over a doctor.

The ocular affections that could cause cataracts, like the iritis or the uveitis, must be treated quickly. The perinatal study of déficits congenital of the metabolism (detection programs precóz of metabulopatías)puede to help to avoid the complications of, for example, galactosemia.

Diagnosis and treatment

Diagnosis

File and physical examination by a doctor.

In order to need the degree the opacificación and the size of the crystalline (for its sobstitución by a lens), the ophtalmologist will make tests to him with special instruments, that they are not painful.

Treatment

The treatment is surgical.

According to the possibilities and necessities of each particular case, they are possible to be extracted and to be replaced its deficit by means of glasses, or to be extracted and to be implanted in its site an artificial lens ("L.I.O."; Intraocular lens).

After the operation it will take to the covered eye days.

General measures

After the surgery, it can be necessary to take to glasses or special contact lenses.

Medication

His ophtalmologist can prescribe some analgesico to him for the annoyances after the operation.

Activity

Without restrictions, but it does not lead at night if it does not see well.

Diet

He is not necessary, safe in the case of suffering galactosemia, since then the foods with this sugar will be due to avoid.

Factors of risk

The age.

Exhibition to anyone of it causes explained in the previous sections.

Signs and symptoms

Blurred vision that gets worse with shining light.

It will begin to notice the eyes guarded when leading at night, when the lights seem to disperse or with aureoles.

Double vision (some times).

Only in the phases outposts, children of the opaque, milky eyes.

Causes

Aging.

The diabetes mellitus.

Ocular injuries.

Inflammations like the uveitis.

Some medicines like the cortisone.

Exhibition to x-rayses, microwaves or radiations infrared like in the weld without protection).

Genetic reasons, including the effect of the rubéola on the fetus of a mother who contracts the disease at the beginning of the pregnancy or galactosemia, congenital defect of the metabolism of sugars

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