RED GRAPEVINE (VITIS VINIFERA L. (VARIEDADES TINCTORIA))

	R
	RED GRAPEVINE
	*VITIS VINIFERA L. (VARIEDADES TINCTORIA)*

Name
RED GRAPEVINE

Scientific Name
VITIS VINIFERA L. (VARIEDADES TINCTORIA)

RED GRAPEVINE

Grapevine; al.: Weinstock; ingl.: Grapevine

Leaf

Trepadora ligneous species with opositifoliares earrings, of leaves slapped with estípulas you expire and cottony yolks, can have hairs or being glabras. The cultivated grapevine has inflorescencias with hermafroditas, greenish, 5-mere flowers, with petals welded in caliptra expires.

Origin

A great number of plantations of Vitis exists ("stocks"). In autumn, some of them change the color of their leaves red: either totally, the calls stocks "dyers" (Alicante, Bouschet, Gamay tintóreas...), or of partial form ("Merlot to noir ", some "Cabernets") [ 351 ].

Chemical composition

The importance of the wine has provoked numerous works on its fruit, nevertheless the composition of the leaf is only known partial form. Thus they have been described: organic acids, bears and vitamin C. polifenoles, in individual, antocianósidos of the stocks the dyers, are the support of the biological activity.

•Los polifenoles are represented by acids fenoles: monocafeil-tartárico acid, acid clorogénico, etc... [ 352 ], sometimes, is accompanied by acids and 353 benzóicos aldehydes [ ], flavonoides: glucósidos in 3 of quercetol, kenferol and miricetol [ 352 ], hidrolizables tannins, condensed esters of the glucose and acids gálico and hexahidroxidifénico (brevilagina, vitilagina, isovitilagina) [ 354 ], as well as tannins (oligómeros of delfinidol and cianidol) [ 355 ].

antocianósidos •Los are in the red leaves of different varieties since they begin to mature. Its content, maximum when the grape is mature, descends [ 356 quickly ]. After a stock dyer (Gamay Fréaux) this content reaches the 29 mg/g. Qualitatively, the composition defers from the one of the 356.357 grapes [ ], predominating the glucósidos ones in 3 of paeonidol, cianidol, malvidol and delfinidol [ 357,35å,364 ]. The corresponding acetilados derivatives are in smaller amount. The antociánico profile is certain genetically. [ 358b ].

Farmacológicos data

Their biological properties are pronounced at level of the circulatory system, in individual, of the capillaries.

•La angioprotectora activity of the antocianósidos ones (diminution of the permeability of the capillaries and increase of its resistance) has been demonstrated in rat (i.v.) [ 359 ]. In order to explain the increase of the resistance, reference to different mechanisms has been made: action on the C.O.M.T., the histidina descarboxilasa, the proteases (359 antitrípsica and antielastásica activity) [ ]. The diminution of the permeability seems to be due to a stabilization of the colágeno... [ to acquire knowledge on the properties of the antocianósidos ones, to consult the monographs "bilberry": refs. 356, 358-361 and "grosellero": refs. 361,237].

Vinifera Vitis also is used by proantocianidoles present in the grapes (specially in the seeds) [ 360 ]. These molecules, like corresponding monomers, stabilize the colágeno by formation of connections with him [ 361 ], and inhibit the enzyme converter of 237 angiotensina [ ]: its angioprotectora action is accompanied by a slight antihipertensora activity.

Observations in the Man

Although the drug does not seem to have been object of clinical studies, the antocianósidos ones yes that have provoked numerous works [ to see "bilberry" ].

Use

Before the absence of clinical experiments, the traditionally recognized activities of the drug allow to use it in the subjective manifestations of the venous insufficiency, like treatment of the functional upheavals of the cutaneous hair fragility (equimosis, petequias, etc...), as well as in the hemorroidal sintomatología. The flavánicos oligómeros have the same indications.

The antocianósidos ones comprise of the composition of specialties destined to the administration by oral route, proposals for the symptomatic treatment of the retinal hair upheavals and capilarosis of diverse etiologías. The toxicity of these heterósidos is null. The pulverized drug of the red grapevine does not cause any toxic manifestation, since it has been possible to demonstrate in the tests of acute toxicity (5 g/kg, mouse, to per you) and subacute (300 and 600 mg/kg/día, rat, to per you) [ 365 ].

In Spain the use of this plant in the disorders of the venous circulation is authorized, like premenstrual, menopáusicos, hemorroides, varices syndromes.

The drug

The grapevine leaf almost always simple and is slapped. Its nervación is formed by five main nerves that are born in peciolo. In order to characterize of form it needs the stocks and their hybrids: dimensions and vellosidad of the limb, indented edges, form and depth of the lateral sine and to peciolar..., ] has been developed 351 to denominated measures "ampelométricas" [. Norms do not exist that they define or the stocks that must be used, the same it happens with the qualitative and quantitative chemical criteria that must be respected. The valuation and the separation of the active principles [ 362 can be made by HPLC, to also see the numerous techniques developed with respect to the grapes, 36á, b and ref mentioned ], as well as the investigation of the remainders of pesticidas. Due to the unequal quality of the products that are at the moment in the market, this control is from great interesés [ 364 ].

Bibliography

[ 351 ] P. GALET

Précis d´ampélographie pratique.

5ème ed., P. GALET, Montpellier, 1985 (Ch. Dehan Imprimeur).

[ 352 ] Or BACHMANN

Verbreitung von Phenolcarbonsäuren und Flavonoiden bei Vitaceen.

Vitis, 17, 234-257, 1978.

[ 353 ] And REVILLA, J.J. MATAIX and Or CARPENA

The phenolic compounds C6-c1 and C6-c3 of the leaf of the grapevine (vinifera Vitis L.) Airen and Cencibel, during the development of the fruit.

Rev. Agrochim. Tecnol. Aliment., 26, 234-238, 1986; to also see about flavonoiE. REVILLA, J.J. MATAIX and Or CARPENA

The phenolic compounds C6-c1 and C6-c3 of leaf d

[ 354 ] C. KARL, G. MÜLLER and P.A. PEDERSEN

Ellagitannine aus gives Blättern von vinifera Vitis.

Z. Naturforschung., 38c, 13-16, 1983.

[ 356 ] G. DARNÉ and And GLORIES

Them anthocyanes DES feuilles of différentes variétés of vinifera Vitis L. between véraison DES raisins ET shoots DES feuilles.

Vitis, 27, 71-78, 1988.

[ 357 ] K. WENZEL, H.H. DITTRICH and M. HEIMFARTH

Die Zusammensetzung der Anthocyane in gives Beeren to verschiedener Rebsorten.

Vitis, 26, 65-78, 1987.

[ 358 ] G. DARNÉ

(a) - Composition anthocyanique DES feuilles vertes, rouges ET jaunes of vinifera Vitis L. to var. Merlot to noir à differents stades du cycle annuel.

Connaissance Vigne Vin, 21, 289-294, 1987.

(b) - Peut-on to envisager of distinguer them espèces du G. DARNÉ

(a) - Composition anthocyanique DES feuilles vertes, rouges ET jaunes of I saw

[ 359 ] M. JONADET, M.T. MEUNIER, J. and P. BASTIDE

Anthocyanosides extraits of vinifera Vitis, Vaccinium myrtillus ET of Pinus maritimus. Inhibitrices I. Activités vis-à-vis of l´élastase in vitro. II. Comparées Activités angioprotectrices in alive.

J. Pharm. BM. JONADET, M.T. MEUNI

[ 360 ] M. BOURZEIX, M. CLARENS and N. HEREDIA

Them procyanidols of grappe of raisins ET du vin.

Bull. Liaison groupe polyphénols, 13, 403-411, 1986.

[ 361 ] J. MASQUELIER, M.C. DUMON and J. DUMAS

Even Stabilisation du collagène them oligomères procyanidoliques.

Therapeutica act, 7, 101-105, 1981, on the properties of monomers, to see: M.C. RONZIERE, D. HERBAGE, R. GARRONE and J. FREY, Influence of some flavJ. MASQUELIER, M.C. DUMON and J. DUMAS

Even Stabilisation du collagène them oligomères procyanid

[ 237 ] TM. MEUNIER, F. VILLIE, M. JONADET, J. BASTIDE and P. BASTIDE

Inhibition of angiotensin I converting enzyme by flavanolic compounds: in vitro and in alive studies.

It plants Med., 53, 12-15, 1987.

[ 362 ] G. DARNÉ and J. Madero-tamargo

Mise au point d´une méthode soluble d´extraction DES lipides soluble totaux DES glucides soluble totaux ET DES composés phénoliques totaux DES organes of vigne.

Vitis, 18, 221-228, 1979.

[ 363 ] (a) J.P. ROGGERO, S. COEN and B. RAGONNET

High performance liquid chromatography survey on changes in pigment content ripening grapes of Syrah. An approach to an-thocyanin metabolism.

A.m. J. Enol. Vitic., 37, 77-83, 1986.

(b) And HEBRERO, C. SANTOS-BUE(a) - J.P. ROGGERO, S. COEN and B. RAGONNET

High performance liquid chromatography survey on changes in pigment content ripening grapes of Syrah. An approach to an-thocyanin metabolism.

A.m. J. Enol. V

[ 364 ] J. LAPARRA and G. DARNÉ

Feuille of vigne rouge in phytothérapie: étude DES composés anthocyaniques of quelques présentations pharmaceutiques.

Plant Méd. Phytothér., 23, 129-135, 1989.

[ 365 ] Vigne rouge, to dossier toxicologique. Travaux DES Laboratoires ARKOPHARMA.

[ 355 ] Or BACHMANN and R. BLAICH

Vorommen und Eigenschaften to kondensierter Tannine in Vitaceen.

Vitis, 18, 106-116, 1979.

Diseases in whose treatment this plant is adapted

Venous Iinsuficiencia

Varices

Hemorroides

Premenstrual syndrome

Productos

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