TUPINAMBO (helianthus tuberosus)

	T
	TUPINAMBO
	*helianthus tuberosus*

Name
TUPINAMBO

Scientific Name
helianthus tuberosus

TUPINAMBO

Castilian: tupinambo, pataca, marenquera

English: Jerusalem artichoke, topinambur

The Tupinambo (Jerusalem Artichoke): It is used by the tubercles that can be eaten fresh or crude, cooked they are very appetizing resemblances to Irish Popes, or to encurtir. The tubercles are used to fatten cattle, the ewe and the pigs. The stems and the leaves are rich in fats, the protein and the pectina, and make forage and ensilaje good. The fermented alcohol of tubercles says that they are of better quality than those of sugar beets.

It is known in the popular medicine like afrodisíaco, colagogo, diurético, spermatogenico, stomaquico, and tonic, the artichoke of Jerusalem is a popular remedy for the diabetes and the reumatismo (Duke and Car, 1981). Chemistry since the food reserves are stored in the form of inulin, the tubercles serve like substitutes as the Popes and starches in diets as diabetic. They are a potential source of levulosa for the use in the dulcificante by diabetics.

Composition: A report note that artichokes of Jerusalem contain about 80% of water, the rest composed of about 15% of protein, 1% of fat, 75% of extract of nitrogen-frees with 60% of inulin, 4% of fiber and 5% of ash. A report different water appointment 80%, the rest is 10% of protein, 76% of starch, 1% of petroleum, 6% of fiber, 5% of ash. The phosphorus is about 0.099%; calcium, 0,023%, mg/100 G with tracks of aluminum, chlorine, iodine, magnesium, potassium, solium, sulfur, and zinc irons 3,4. The small amounts of Vitamins B, and C; arginine of bases of purine, histidine, betaine, choline, and hemagglutinin is present.

Description: Perennial grass often cultivates itself annually, with and branches of stems or underground roots and that they grow becoming tubercles white, red or bare purple, crossing in the size of the 7,5-10 long cm, 3-5 cm heavy; the stems erect 1,5-3 high Ms, hirsuto; the leaves as opposed to or the superior one alternate, ovate to ovate-rectangular, seiera-dentated, rough, with pecíolo above winged; 5-7.5 of heads Few to many, in ends of the branches; rays 12 to 20, slight yellow, visible, the yellow disc, sowing preferably seed between Julio and August. It has been introduced and it arrives to be naturalized in all the regions tempered in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The artichoke of the Jerusalem class is an advisable harvest in any earth and the climate where maize will grow. It survives in as cold the poor Earth and areas as Alaska. It tolerates warms up to temperatures of below cero. The first one covers with frost kills the stems and the leaves, but the tubercles resist to the freezing per months.

It grows better to the sun, but it can tolerate some shade. The plants do not bloom in northern Europe are sensible to the light, requiring the longest periods of the seed plot to the plant maturation, and of the shortest periods for the formation of the tubercle. They do not grow where day they vary little. To cross of the Tempered Steppe Fresh To dunk by Tropical Dry to Humid Zones of Life of Forest, artichoke of Jerusalem inquires to tolerate the annual precipitation from 3,1 to 28,2 dm (average of 40 cases = 10,1), the annual temperature of 6,3 to 26.6°C (average of 40 cases = 13,3), and pH from 4,5 to 8,2 (average of 37 cases = 64) (Duke, 1978, 1979). The Jerusalem artichoke is propagated by tubercles, that are due to plant as early as it is possible in the spring when the Earth can be worked satisfactorily.

References:

Chabbert, N., Braun, P., Guiraud, J.P., Arnoux, M., and Galzy, P. 1983. Productivity and fermentability of Jerusulam artichoke according to harvesting dates. Biomass 3:209-224.

Duke, J.A. 1978. For The quest tolerant germplasm. p. 1-61. In: HANDLE Special Symposium 32, suboptimal Crop tolerance to land conditions. A.m.. Soc. Agron. Madison, WI.

Duke, J.A. 1979. Ecosystematic dates on economic plants. Quart. J. Crude Drug Head of cattle. 17(3-4):91-110.

Duke, J.A. and Wain, K.K. 1981. Medicinal plants of the world. Computer index with dwells than 85.000 entries. 3 vols.

Palz, W. and Chartier, P. (eds.). 1980. Energy from biomass in Europe. Applied Science Publishers Ltd., London.

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