PEREGIL (petroselinum sativum)

	P
	PEREGIL
	*petroselinum sativum*

Name
PEREGIL

Scientific Name
petroselinum sativum

PEREGIL

English: Parsley.

French: Persil.

Family: of the Umbelíferas.

Appetizer, stimulating and diurético. It causes or it regularizes the menstruation.

Used Part

The whole plant: leaves, fruits and roots.

External use: The leaves crushed in cataplasm, clean to sores and ulcers and heal. For punctures of insects

The exact origin of the parsley is not known; everything what knows is that comes from the Eastern Mediterranean. There are 5 or 6 seemed species, but only one is the true parsley, that appears under two forms: the one of flat leaf (the current parsley) and the one of stirred up, less common leaf (this one denominated curly parsley.

CHARACTERISTICS: Plant that lives between one and two years, by heavy root. The stem, that it can reach a meter of height, is green, with many ramifications. The leaves, triangular, are abundant, of edges indented, with deep cracks, of dark green color, shining and of particular aroma, although this one is more intense in the stem. The flowers form in manifold umbelas (flowers in the end of pedúnculos which they arise from a common point and all reach the same height) composed by smaller others umbelas. And others present/display a greenish yellow coloration. The fruit, small balls almost as small as the head of a pin, mature during the summer.

LOCATION: It seems that the parsley had its origins in the Asian countries of the Mediterranean coast this extending its use as it plants medicinal thanks to the Greeks, that used it to favor the menstruation and the elimination of tinkles. Today one grows up in all the corners of the world, possibly like adaptation of old left cultures: it grows between rocks, next to the ways, generally in the neighborhoods of small rural populations.

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES: He is aperitive and stimulating, it facilitates the menstruation and it favors the production of tinkles. It is a vitamin source (very useful in the diseases in which those lack, like in the raquitismo).

HARVESTING: The leaves are taken as they are needed, because they are used fresh, and does not concern the time of the year. The fruits have to be completely mature before separating them of the plant, and this happens when finalizing the summer of the second year. The root contains the Maxima concentration of active principles during the autumn of the first year.

USES And APPLICATIONS: As culinario condimento whole small branches, stems and leaves are used, crushed in a mortar; Although, in general, it is preferred to use more leaves than stems, these are very many richer in active substances. The juice of the leaves seems effective to fight the irritation of the punctures of bees and mosquitos. Form leaves from the syrup by five roots, diurético and appetizer, elaborated along with those of hinojo, celery, espárrago and rusco. The cattle dealers also used the parsley, mixed Is peculiar to know that the parsley, of whose culinaria application any cook is not saved, until the Average Age was only cultivated as it plants medicinal, and from then his began to extend uses in the kitchen until getting to be an essential grass in the today kitchen We remember that of: "it is everywhere, like the parsley".

Parsley with flowers and fruits, and alongside a detail by its long white conical root. Between his active principles it is necessary to mention the essential oil, that thanks to the irritant effect that exerts in the kidneys initiates a diurética combat operations.

A branch of parsley of stirred up leaves, known with the name curly parsley. This variant is own of the Nordic countries.

Active Principles

- Leaves, seeds: Essential oil (3-6%): fenilpropanos (apiol, miristicina), terpenos (alpha and beta-pineno). Flavonoides: apiósido, luteolol, apigenol. Vitamins To, B, C; mineral salts (iron, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iodine, manganese, sulfur); plans of furanocumarinas: bergapteno; enzymes: diastasas.

- Roots: Essential oil (0,5-1%): apiol, miristicina; flavonoides: apiósido. Poliínos: falcarinol. Furanocumarinas: bergapteno, oxipeucedanina, isoimperatorina.

Farmacológica Action

- Fruits, leaves: The flavonoides, the essential oil and the potassium salts confer a diurética action to him. Apiol is aperitive, digestive, espasmolítico, emenagogo, vasoprotector and vasodilator, action this last one reinforced by the miristicina. By its wealth in vitamins and mineral salts he is tonic, remineralizante and antianemic.

- Roots: Action diurética, smoother than the one of the fruits. Popularly it has applications similar to those of the fruits.

Indications

Anemia, convalecencia, lack of appetite, dispepsias hyposecretory, flatulencias.

States in which an increase of the diuresis is required: urinary affections (cystitis, ureteritis, uretritis, oliguria, urolitiasis), hiperazotemia, hiperuricemia, drop, arterial hypertension, edemas, overweight accompanied by retention of liquids.

Amenorrhoea, dismenorrea.

The chewed leaves are used to fight the halitosis. The fototoxicidad of the furanocumarinas, could be applicable in dermatológicas diseases by hipopigmentación, like vitíligo.

Contraindications

Hipersensibilidad to apiol.

In cases of cardiac or renal insufficiency, its diurético prescription as is exclusive responsibility of the doctor.

Except for express indication, we recommended to abstain to internally prescribe essential oils during the pregnancy, the lactancia, to smaller children of six years or gastroduodenales patients with gastritis, ulcers, syndrome of the null and voidable intestine, ulcerosa colitis, neurological disease of Crohn, hepatopatías, epilepsy, Parkinson or other diseases.

Not to administer, neither to apply topically to smaller children of six years nor to people with respiratory allergies or well-known hypersensitivity to this one or other essential oils.

Not to prescribe oral forms of metering with alcoholic content to smaller children of two years nor to consultantes in process of etílica deshabituación.

Indirect effect

By its content in apiol the essential oil can be neurotoxic and abortion. In extraterapéutivas doses it can originate gastroenteritis, inflammation of parénquima renal, arrhythmias and hepático damage.

By its content in fotosensiblilizantes furanocumarinas, the fresh plant can originate, after the actinic exhibition, contact dermatitis.

Precaution/Poisonings

Precaution with the wild parsley: It can be confused by his similarity with cicuta.

To consider the alcoholic content of the fluid extract and the dye.

Galénicas Forms/Dosage

Fruits:

- Infusion: a spoonful of dessert (leaves), a teaspoon of coffee (fruits), to instill 10 minutes. Three cups to the day, before the meals.

- fluid Extract (1:1): 30-50 drops, one to three times to the day.

- It tinctures (1:5): 50-100 drops, one to three times to the day.

- Dust: 2 to 5 g day.

Roots:

- Decocción: a spoonful of dessert by cup. To boil five minutes, to instill during fifteen. Three cups to the day, before the meals.

Dust: 2 to 5 g day.

Leaves:

- Infusion of leaves: a spoonful of dessert (leaves), a teaspoon of coffee (fruits), to instill 10 minutes. Three cups to the day, before the meals.

- Juice of fresh plant: 10 to 15 drops, one to three times to the day.

- Topically: crushed fresh leaves.

Bibliography

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Bézanger-Beauquesne, L; Pinkas, M; Torck, M; Trotin, F. Plantes Médicinales DES Regions Tempérées. Paris: Maloine, 1980, pp.237-8.

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Villar, L; Palacín, JM; Bald, C; Go'mez, D; Montserrat, G. Plantas Medicinal of the Pyrenean oscenses Aragonese and others tierrras. 2ª. Huesca: Provincial Delegation, 1992, p.172.

Wichtl, M. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceutical. To for Handbook Practice on to Scientific basis. Stuttgart: Medpharm Scientific Publishers, 1994, pp.369-72.

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