LINSEED (linum usitatissimum)

	L
	LINSEED
	*linum usitatissimum*

Name
LINSEED

Scientific Name
linum usitatissimum

LINSEED

English: Flax.

French: Lin.

Of the family of the Lináceas.

Laxative and desinflamante. Inflammations of vejiga and rectum. Hemorroides. Colds of the throat, ronquera, dry and painful cough. Ulcer of stomach.

The culture of the linen dates from the first times of the humanity. Since then and until second half of century xix it was used by his fibers, with which they made dresses and footwear; in addition it could be dyed.

Used Part

The seeds ("linaza").

HARVESTING: The mature fruits are taken once, at the end of the summer. The harvesting is made manually or with mechanical procedures that separate the fruits of branches and leaves.

CHARACTERISTICS: One is an annual herbaceous plant, of an only stem, Straits, hollow and length, of up to 80 cm. of height, without knots, with several buds in the base, with leaves, but sterile. In the leaves, narrow and long, finished in end, it is demonstrated of one to three very prominent longitudinal nerviaciones. The flowers, great, of a precious pale blue color, with five petals, are located in the end of the stem and ramifications near the end, with pecíolos lengths. They are opened with the sun, But they are closed if is bad weather. The fruit is a dry, spherical capsule, of almost 1 cm of diameter, divided in five compartments with five seeds in each one; these are extended, brown, smooth and shining (of them the active principles are extracted).

LOCATION: Native of the Caucasus the linen has been cultivated in great plantations nonsingle in Europe and Asia, but in Australia, Argentina or Brazil. It requires aired, fresh and deep grounds. It exists a species that grows up spontaneously in Europe (Linunt angzlstifóliziin), but does not have the therapeutic properties of the linen.

Active Principles

Mucílagos acid (3-10%). Acidos greasy insaturados (30 to 40%): oléico, linoléico, linolénico. Proteins (25%). Heterósidos plans of cianogénicos (linustatina, linamarina). Fitosteroles: beta-sitosterol, cholesterol, estigmasterol, cicloarteno, delta 5 avenasterol.

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES: Mucílago is the person in charge of the emollient properties (who softens the inflamed parts) of the seed of the linen. Also one is used against the constipation. By its oil wealth, it also has vermifugal properties.

USES And APPLICATIONS: The seeds can be used directly, as if they were caramels, to obtain laxative effects (against the constipation). Against the intestinal inflammations and of the stomach an infusion of seeds is used (a teaspoon of seeds by cup three times to the day). The resulting flour to grind the seed (linseed flour) is used to prepare emollient cataplasms (the flour with water is mixed until obtaining a consistent paste): it is applied on the swollen zones and one becomes involved with a gauze.

Farmacológica Action

The abundance of mucílagos, of urónica nature, confers mechanical, demulcente, saciante, hipoglucemiante an action to him laxative smooth and hipolipemiante. The oil contributes, in addition, dermatológicas properties similar to those of vitamin F, antiseptic demulcentes and.

Indications

In internal use it is used to fight the constipation, gastritis, diarreas (by its demulcente and absorvente effect), cystitis. Helping in the treatment of the overweight, hiperglucemias and hiperlipidemias. Topically in eczemas, contusions, forúnculos, abscesses.

Contraindications

Esofágica, pilórica Estenosis or intestinal íleo, acute abdomen.

Precaution/Poisonings

Although the content in heterósidos cianogénicos is little (25 mg of hydrocyanic acid by each 100 g), it is recommended to take the whole seeds (cutícula would avoid its loosening), and to prescribe the flour only for topical use, having the precaution of which she is fresh: the alterations by enranciamiento can produce cutaneous irritation.

The linen seeds reduce glucemia postprandial: to control glucemia if it is administered to diabetics. Also the medicine absorption can interfere, if they are taken jointly.

In order to avoid problems and so that the effectiveness of the drug is optimal, we advised that it is taken accompanied from abundant liquids (at least 500 mililiter by taking).

Galénicas Forms/Dosage

Internal use:

- Seeds: one to three soperas spoonfuls to the day, without chewing (to see precautions), accompanied of abundant water.

- Infusion: a sopera spoonful by cup. To boil two minutes, to instill during 30 and to strain. Two or three cups to the day.

- Maceration: 3 soperas spoonfuls, in maceration during eight to twelve hours. To take in, twice accompanied of abundant water.

- Oil: 1 to 3 soperas spoonfuls to the day.

Topical use:

- Seeds: decocción: 50 g/l, to boil 3 minutes. To apply in form of compresas, washings or enemas.

- Flour: cataplasms: to boil 15 to 25 g in 500 cc of mineral water. To apply hot on forúnculos, abscesses or adenitis.

- Oil: applied topically.

The pharmaceutical interest resides in the seeds, of which linseed oil is extracted, mucílago, linamarina and linamarasa.

Bibliography

Bézanger-Beauquesne, L; Pinkas, M; Torck, M. You plant dans to Them the Therapeutique Moderne. 2ª. Paris: Maloine, 1986, pp. 273-4.

Bézanger-Beauquesne, L; Pinkas, M; Torck, M; Trotin, F. Plantes Médicinales DES Regions Tempérées. Paris: Maloine, 1980, p.151.

Bruneton, J. Elementos de Fitoquímica and Farmacognosia. Zaragoza: Acribia, 1991, p.63.

European Scientific Cooperative On Phytotherapy (E.S.CO.P). Medicinal Monographs on the you use of plant drugs. Fascicle I: Lini semen. March, 1996.

Fernandez, M; Grandson, To Plantas Medicinal. Pamplona: Editions University of Navarre, 1982, p. 110.

Him Floc'h, And Contribution to unites Etude Ethnobotanique of the Flore Tunisienne. Imprimerie Officielle of the République Tunisienne, 1983, p. 129.

Mulet, L. Estudio Etnobotánico of the Province of Castellón. Castellón: Provincial delegation, 1991, pp. 259-60.

Mulet, L. toxic Flora of the Valencian Community. Castellón: Provincial delegation, 1997, pp. 259-61.

Paris, RR; Moyse, M. Précis de Matière Médicale. Take II. Paris: Masson, 1967, pp. 288-90.

Peris, JB; Stübing, G; Vanaclocha, B. Applied Fitoterapia. Valencia: M.I. Official school of Phamacists, 1995, pp. 347-8.

Peris, JB; Stübing, G; Figuerola, R. Gui'a of Plantas Medicinal of the Valencian Community. Valencia: The Provinces, 1996, p. 223.

Real Spanish Farmacopea. Madrid: Ministry of Health and Consumption, 1997, pp. 1240-1.

Samuelsson, G. Drugs of Natural Origin. To Textbook of Pharmacognosy. Stockholm: Swedish Pharmaceutical Press, 1992, pp. 76; 111.

Trease, GE; Evans, WCh. Farmacognosia. Mexico D.F.: Inter-American -- MacGraw-Hill, 1991, pp. 354-5; 842.

Hellemont, J. Compendium de Phytotherapie go. Bruxelles: Association Pharmaceutique Belge, 1986, pp. 233-4.

Villar, L; Palacín, JM; Bald, C; Go'mez, D; Montserrat, G. Plantas Medicinal of the Pyrenean oscenses Aragonese and others tierrras. 2ª. Huesca: Provincial delegation, 1992, p. 140.

Wichtl, M. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceutical. To for Handbook Practice on to Scientific basis. Stuttgart: Medpharm Scientific Publishers, 1994, pp. 298-300.

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