GUGULÓN (COMMIPHORA MUKUL (HOOK, EX STOCKS) ENGL.)

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	GUGULÓN
	*COMMIPHORA MUKUL (HOOK, EX STOCKS) ENGL.*

Name
GUGULÓN

Scientific Name
COMMIPHORA MUKUL (HOOK, EX STOCKS) ENGL.

GUGULÓN

Gomo-adminiser extreme unction to-it draws resin from

C. mukul is a shrub or a small tree with thorny branches, of crust cenicienta that is given off in fragments, has mere flowers of 4-5 tight in panículos in the end of the stems; the chalice is glanduloso, the petals brown reddish. The fruit is one drupa ovoid, red in the maturity.

Origin

Of Kathiawar in the Gujarat; one also is in barren regions of Pakistan (Baluchistan), Bangladesh and even of 171 Arabia [ ].

Chemical composition

The different fractions (rubber, draws resin from, essential oil) from this secretion have been investigated. The gomosa fraction corresponds to highly graft acid polisacárido that contains arabinosa, fucosa, galactosa and 172 glucurónico acid [ ]. The essential oil characterizes by the presence of derivatives of the mirceno [ 173 ]. The biological activity must to the resinous, extraíble fraction with ethyl acetate: gugulípido [ 174 ].

The division of the neutral components of this gugulípido shows the absence of triterpenos, the presence of diterpenos of sesamina, trioles alifáticos of long chain and 175 steroids [ ], derived from the pregnano and the colestano.

Derivatives of the pregnano: And and Z-gugulesteronas, isomers of pregnan-4,17(20) dien-3,16-diona; ván accompanied by hidroxilados derivatives: pregn-4-in-16-ol-3-ona and (R and S) pregn-4-in-20-ol-3-ona present as plans. Derivatives of the colestano: cholesterol and gugulesteroles I, II and III: these last ones are derived hidroxilados in 16, 20, 22 of the cholesterol or corresponding the derivative?-4 ceto-3.

Farmacológicos Data

The ayurvédica medicine attributes gugulón 171 diverse medicinal properties [ ]. The farmacológica investigation demonstrates that the gugulípido one is the support of the hipolipemiante activity of the drug [ 176 ]. The division of the mixture, carried out by a test in rat test that e and z gugulesteronas are the active substances and that the other components of the mixture harness their action, influencing without a doubt in its 174 biodisponibilidad [ ]: the taking to per you of 100 mg/kg/día x 30 days of these ketones induces a diminution of 35% of the cholesterol and 28% of the séricos triglicéridos ones.

The use of experimentation models animal (ej.: hipertrigliceridemia induced by ethanol in rat, hiperlipidemia in rabbit) confirms these properties and indicates that relation HDL/LDL is increased. Identical results describe for the esteroídica fraction (200 mg/kg/día x 2 days, to per you) in the monkey after hiperlipidémica indución by Triton-WR [ 177 ]. The Z-gugulesterona stimulates the tiroidea function in rat [ 17å ] by a direct mechanism [ 178b ] what could explain the reduction of séricos lipids. Another mechanism is indicated: the action of these molecules on the dopamine ß-hidroxilasa and the rates of 179 catecholamines [ ].

Observations in the Man

A study made in 1971 on 44 individuals demonstrated that a fraction in petroleum ether of the resin significantly diminishes total lipids, phospholipids ß-lipoproteins and 180 sérico cholesterol [ ]. According to 181 Tripathi and col. [ ] the 10-15 administration g/día of rubber during three months, produces a reduction of 25% of colesterolemia and 30 % of trigliceridemia as well as an improvement of the cardiac state. A rate of effectiveness of 80% in the hiperlipidémicos individuals (colestererolemia initial > 2.2 g/l) with 1,2-1,5 is observed g/día xs 4-6 weeks of gugulípidos [ 182] and several clinical studies confirm this 185 activity [ ]. The observations related to the fibrinolítica activity and the plaquetaria aggregation are particularly contradictory. In 1986 other two clinical studies confirmed the effectiveness of the gugulípido one in case of hiperlipidemia with rates of effectiveness from the 59 to 77 % [ 183, 184 ].

Use

Published works do not affirm that the gugulípido one is neither toxic nor teratógeno in the animal [ works mentioned by V.P. Arya, Drugs of today, 24, 561-562, 1988 ]. The administration in the man during four to six weeks does not cause any alteration of the biochemical, hematológicos and cardiac parameters [ 182 and 183 ]. Only the gross product is susceptible to cause some indirect effect.

In India the drug is used traditionally in great number of affections: buco-faríngeas affections, dispepsias (in lotions), fevers, rinitis, bronchitis, laryngitis (in fumigations) [ 171 ]. The gugulípido one is commercialized in India (compressed equivalent to 25 mg of gugulesteronas) and it is prescribed like hipolipemiante.

In Spain the use of this plant for the treatment of smaller circulatory upheavals is authorized as they are hipertrigliceridemias. Symptomatic treatment of manifestations you will articulate painful. Like helping in thinning regimes.

The drug

] gomo-adminiser extreme unction to-draws resin from is elaborated in distribuídos esquizógenos resiníferos channels in all parénquima cortical of the crust of the 171 branches [. The resin - in situ yellow brilliant is a milky liquid - takes shelter after the incision, in the cold station. The resin, once dried appears in fragments vermiculares, of yellow color, or more or less brown or greenish.

The flavor is bitter, the balsamic scent. The gross drug, emulsiona in water and can be characterized by successive addition, on the fresh cut, of followed acetic nitric acid acid: ] appears a characteristic brown coloration golden [ 171. The expression with heat or the extraction with dissolvent separates oil-draws resin from of the gomosa fraction.

Bibliography

[ 171 ] H.K. KAKRANI

Guggul - to review

Indian drugs, (09), 417-421, 1981.

[ 172 ] S. BOSE and H. C. GUPTA

Structure of Commiphora mukul gum: Part II - Structure of the degraded gum

Indian J. Chem., 2. 156-158, 1964; idem, ibidem. Part III - Methetlation and periodate oxydation studies. 4, 87-89. 1966.

[ 173 ] H.K. KAKRANI and G. To KALYANI

Anthelmintic activity of essential oil of Commiphora mukul

Fitoterapia, 55, 232-234, 1984.

[ 174 ] N. ANAND and S. NITYANAND

Integrated approach to development of new drugs from plants and indigenous you remedy. In: Natural products and drugs development, P. Krogsgaard-larsen, S. BROGGER CHRISTENSEN and H. KOFOD, éds., Copenhagen, Munksgaard, p. 78-93, 1984.

[ 175 ] V. D. PATIL, U.R. NAYAK and S. DEV

Chemistry of ayurvedic drugs - I. Guggulu (resin from Commiphora mukul) - I: steroidal constituents

Tetrahedron, 28, 2341-2352, 1972.

[ 176 ] S. NITYANAND and N. K. KAPOOR

Guggal Cholesterol lowering activity of the various fractions of the

Indian J. Exp. Biol. 11, 395-396, 1973; idem, ibidem, 9, 376-377, 1971; to also see: S.N. TRIPATHI. M. GUPTA L. D. DWIVEDI and S.P. SEN, Regression of hyperlipidemia with an activates principle of Commiphora mukul, Jour. Head of cattle. Ind. Med., 12, 11-16, 1975.

[ 177 ] S. K. BHARGAVA

Guggal Hypolipidemic activity of to steroid fraction of resin (Commiphora mukul ex- Hook. Stocks) in monkeys (Presbytis entellus Dufresne).Plantes Méd. Phytother., 18, 68-73, 1984.

[ 178 ] Y.B. TRIPATHI, P. TRIPATHI, Or P. MALHOTRA and S. N. TRIPATHI

Thyroid stimulatiory action of (Z)-guggulsterone obtained from Commiphora mukul.

It plants Med., 50, 78-80, 1984.

[ 179 ] Y.B.TRIPATHI, P. TRIPATHI, Or P. MALHOTRA and S.N. TRIPATHI

Thyroid stimulatory action of (Z)-guggulsterone: mechanism of action

It plants Med, 54, 271-277, 1988.

[ 180 ] M. SRIVASTAVA and N. K. KAPOOR

Guggulsterone induced changes in the levels of biogenic monoamines and dopamine b-hydroxylase of rat tissues

J. Biosci, 10, 15-19, 1986.

[ 181 ] S. C. MALHOTRA and M.M.S. AHUJA

Comparative hypolipidaemic effectiveness of gum guggulu (Commiphora mukul) fraction "To" ethyl-p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate and Ciba - 13437 - His

Indian J. Med. Head of cattle, 59, 1621-1632, 1971.

[ 182 ] S. N. TRIPATHI and B.N. UPADHYAY

To trial clinical of Commiphora mukul in the patients of ischaemic heart disease

J. Mol. and Cell. Cardiol., 10, 125, 1978.

[ 183 ] S. NITYANAND, C. P. ASTHANA, P. P. GUPTA, N. K. KAPOOR and B.N. DHAWAN

Clinical studies with "gugulipid", to new hypolipidaemic agent

Indian J. Pharm., 13, 59-60, 1981.

[ 184 ] R. C. AGARWAL, S.P. SINGH, R.K. SARAN, S.K. DAS, N. SINHA, O.P. ASTHANA, P.P. GUPTA, S. NITYANAND, B.N. DHAWAN and S.S. AGARWAL

Trial Clinical of gugulipid - to new hypolipidemic agent of plant origin in primary hyperlipidemia

Indian J. Med. Head of cattle, 84, 626-634, 1986.

[ 185 ] K. GOPAL, R. K. SARAN, S. NITYANAND, P.P. GUPTA, M. HASAN, S. K. DAS, N. SINHA, S.S. AGARWAL

Trial Clinical of ethyl acetate extract of gum gugulu (gugulipid) in primary hyperlipidemia

J. Assoc. Physicians India, 34, 249-251, 1986.

[ 186 ] G.V: SATYAVATI

Gum guggul (Commiphora mukul) - The success story of an ancient insight leading to to modern discovery

Indian J. Med. Head of cattle, 87, 327-335, 1988.

Diseases in whose treatment this plant is adapted

Hiperlipidemia

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