ESCARAMBUJO (nombres:)

	E
	ESCARAMBUJO
	*nombres:*

Name
ESCARAMBUJO

Scientific Name
nombres:

ESCARAMBUJO

Latin: Canine rose L.

Castilian: wild rosal, rosal farmer or brave, rosal rosal perruno, rosal of snake, rosal of the devil, rosal of escaramojos (according to Lagoon) or, simply, escaramojo, escarambrojo, calambrujo, escambrujera, escambrujo, escaramujo, escarbaculo, tapaculo (generally, the fruit), zarraculos (cierraculos) carmine, monjolinos (according to Lazaro Ibiza), gabarda, galabardera, garrabera, gavanzo, garbancero rosal, garbancera bramble, agavanzo, zarzarrosa, zarzaperruna, vero hawthorn, picacostillas, picaespalda, alcaracache.

Portuguese: pink-of-cao, silva-male, silvao, roseira; silvo male, agavanzo, gabanceira, peros of dog (the fruit).

Italian: canine rose.

French: to rosier DES chiens, to églantier.

English: dog rose, wild dog rose, bird to briar, hip tree

German: hundsrose, hagerose.

Dutch: hondroos, roze to eglantier

Description:

The wild rosal is a sarmentoso shrub of 1 to 3 m.s of height, with the stems armed of arched and reflexos, sharp stings.

The leaves are maintained by a two tip to which they are adhered estípulas, one to each side; they are made up of two or three pairs of hojuelas, plus one, uneven one, in the end, of oval or elliptical figure, teethed or sawed in the edges.

The flowers, maintained by individual stalks of a peduncle, form as a a ballot box, in whose superior edge the five sépalos are born, that are unequal, because they have beards or lacinias, and others, no, reflexos after withered the flower.

The corola is made up of five wide and escotados petals in its end, of the color that we called indeed, of rose, intense or almost white, if nonwhite absolutely, according to the plants. The ballot box that brings the chalice persists long time, enlarges, becomes fleshy and, at the rate that it changes of color and it is reddened, mature within himself the fructículos of the rosal, that are hard like huesecitos.

The mature ballot box has figure ellipsoid or is something cleared or to way of it spins, according to the varieties of this species, and escaramujo or tapaculo is called. As the French say: Il n'est if belle rose qui ne devienne gratte-cul, that could be translated thus: There is no rose that does not finish in tapaculo. Although already its pure-blooded has equivalent Castile: Of a cocoon a rose is expected; of a rose, damn the thing.

This red fruit of all chaste one of rosales has the upholstered internal surface of blond, rigid pelitos and fragile, the picapica, which, when the shirt and the skin of nobody are introduced to the negligence between rapazuelo, produces endiablada comezón. The same one, according to tells, that it feels around the anal orifice when, having eaten escaramujos, the own pelitos, after saving incólumes all the dangers of the digestive routes, take leave their guest that.

The name of gratte-cul of the French, just like the one of gratacul, of the Catalans, and the one of escarbaculo, gathered by Loscos and Pardo in Aragón, must allude to the indicated faculty of the picapica.

We have given to a description sucinta of the wild rosal, that block to anyone of the innumerable ancestries that populate the Peninsula and great part with Europe, because nothing has as variable as these wild rosales, of simple flowers, that occur without culture in the mount.

Sometimes, on the branches of this rosal cleared masses form, spongy, like a ball of moss, color verdeamarillento or reddish, that are produced by the puncture of an insect. Cutting them, in its central part a relatively small, hard nucleus is observed, within as the larvae of the insect are developed, Rhodites call rosae and the cleared mass, altogether, is to bedegar

It blooms in May, if not before in the tempranales, and still in July they can be seen rosales flowery in mountains.

One grows up in the fences and ribazos, as well as in slopes with little or no hoisted, of low earth and mountains little elevated of all the country.

Of the wild rosal the roots are used, the leaves, the petals, the fruits or escaramujos, the fructículos internal, with their seed, and bedegares.

The roots are better to take them in the month of March or April when the wide-awake plant of their winter lethargy; the leaves, in May, when they have been developed completely; the petals, so encapulla the plant, before opening the flower; the escaramujos by the end of summer or during the otoñada one, when they reach a perfect degree of maturity, still with the hard meat, already well red; the fructículos of its interior, when escaramujo is made or last; and bedegares, before curing, when they are tier to us and substantial.

Composition

The root of the wild rosal contains tánico acid, like the leaves, and these, in addition, pectina.

The petals, with something of tannin, diverse organic acids (acid citrus, málico acid), gomosas matters, and pequenísimas amounts of essence.

The fruit or escaramujo, an orange colorante matter, the carotina, from 11.6 to 15.6 % of sugars, 3 to 3.6 % of valued organic acids like málico acid, etc., and, in the dried escaramujos, from 0.5 to 15.6 % of vitamin C or acid ascórbico.

The fructículos or cuesquecitos of escaramujo contain small amounts of vanilina, lecitina, of sugar invested, 8.8 % of a greasy oil, imponderable amounts of málico, acid acid tartaric and acid succínico, 1 % of flobafeno, etc.

In the seeds of the multiflora Rose, Kondo, Iwamoto and Cuchiha (1929) found from 0.3 to 0.6 % of glucósido, the multiflorina, of laxative properties. We mention its existence in this species of rose to later relate it to the other glucósido one found in the fructículos of the canine Rose by Garello Cantoni ten years.

According to the Dr Josep Lluis Berdonces in its work Great encyclopedia of the medicinal plants, the canine rose contains within vitamins:

Between 500 and 1,700 mg by each 1000 grams of vitamin C in the fruits

140 micrograms each 100 grams of B1 vitamin

7 micrograms each 100 grams of B2 vitamin

In addition to vitamin K and P

Also they emphasize málico and citric carbon hydrates (30%), pectina (11%), tannins (3%), acids (3%), oils (2%), and pigments (carotenes)

VIRTUES

In other times, the wild rosal enjoyed great esteem by the multiple curativas faculties mainly that were attributed to him, during the Renaissance. Because of his the tannin content, most general it is the astringent.

If the name of tapaculo alludes, as it is said, to the antidiarreicas virtues of escaramujo or it is mere corruption of escarbaculo, with Catalan reminiscencias and French, we cannot explain it.

The water of roses, considered like oftálmica, the pomada one of roses, the syrup of which Andrés of Lagoon speaks to us, rodomiel or pink honey, is obtained or prepared with the petals of pink doubles, very perfumed and cultivated in gardening.

Although to obtain the water of roses also the petals of the wild rosal have been used, the main merit of this shrub is in escaramujo, of great antiscorbútico value by their extraordinary vitamin wealth C. also attribute diuréticas faculties to him, without fear, says, to that its prolonged use never damages to the kidneys. And it is popular belief that eating sufficient amount of whole escaramujos, with its grains and their pelitos the solitary lombriz is thrown of himself; some attribute their effect to the picapica, that the tapeworm could not resist.

As far as their grains, the fructículos of stony hardness that keeps in its sine escaramujo, have been used to fight badly of stone, perhaps by simple suggestion, that we would attribute to the form and consistency of those. In change, recent investigations of Garello Cantoni (1939) demonstrated that it exerts a toxic influence on medula oblong or rachidian bulb, and, in general on the nervous system; it also influences the heart, that, to overdoses, can be stopped in diástole. Therefore, it will wisely build all that that, without medical advice, uses the fructículos of escaramujo, mainly pulverized.

Nevertheless, taking from Kroeber the news, the cofoundation of such grains previously pulverized, that they smell of vanilla, it is used in many German localities instead of the black tea and it is had by febrífugo.

According to Leclerc, bedegar can be considered tonic and antisudorífico, mainly being tuberculosos and nefríticos.

It is used, the root, in cofoundation, to the proportion of 3 ounces by 1.5 water l.s, until it diminishes The same to 1 l., or something more loaded prepares the cofoundation of the leaves. Both serve to cut the diarrea, drunk to cups whatever are wanted. Nothing we will say of the petals of this wild rosal, because the reader will be able to use with advantage those of the Castilian rose or the rose of one hundred leaves.

The escaramujos best are to eat them fresh, like a fruit anyone, because they do not know disagreeably when they are in season; they are divided along, the huesecitos and the hairs take off, and they are washed in running water. In this case the vitamin takes advantage of in its totality.

With the clean escaramujos affluent of hairs and grains, crushed until reducing them to pulp, and adding at least its own weight to them of sugar, it is prepared, in cold, a jam of roses, that also contains the totality of the vitamin.

When instead of taking the fresh fruit or the jam a cofoundation is prepared with her, it leaves from this vitamin C is destroyed by the heat. In addition, the vitamin content varies according to the races of the wild rosal, the locality in which servant has itself, the tempero of the year, the degree of maturation, etc., before or after their perfect degree of season the escaramujos have not reached the vitaminic maximum or are losing it with greater or smaller rapidity.

If the cofoundation boils long short while, for example, until being reduced to one third part or to half the put amount of water to boil, the vitamin is lost completely or to a large extent; but, in this case, it takes advantage of like diurético and astringent.

For the people of age, the Fourniers ("Plantes Médicinales", III pág. 356) it recommends the preparation of the following licor of roses. 1 l. is taken from escaramujos, 3 l.s of wine spirit and 0.5 kg of sugar lock, and, all together, garrafa is put in one; it is had in maceration, prolonged of fifteen days to a month in a hot place (tempering or not too cold entiéndase), and spent those days filters. This brandy is mixed with the amount of water that each one prefers. Dícese that is a fortificante licor.

Bedegar takes in infusion, like tonic and diurético, using a pair of ounces by each liter of water.

PRESCRIPTION

Eglantina sauce

450 g. of eglantina fruits or escaramujo (the leaves can also be used)

Juice of lemon

To cover fruits and leaves with water and to boil until they are well soft.

To slip almost all the water and to crush. To pass everything through a sieve and to add the lemon juice.

It is an excellent English prescription to accompany meat by lamb and assure that it has tonic and invigorating powers.

PRESCRIPTION

Eglantina sauce

450 g. of eglantina fruits or escaramujo (the leaves can also be used)

Juice of lemon

To cover fruits and leaves with water and to boil until they are well soft.

To slip almost all the water and to crush. To pass everything through a sieve and to add the lemon juice.

It is an excellent English prescription to accompany meat by lamb and assure that it has tonic and invigorating powers.

A LITTLE HISTORY

The name of canine Rose that the botanists give this wild rosal comes to be the Latin translation of the Greek word kynorhodon, in Castilian cinorrodon, whereupon these roses were known in the Antiquity which means "rosa of perro".

The form of the stings of which this rosal is armed, that remembers the one of the eyeteeth of the dogs, would have given reason to the use for this name, rather that a purely contemptuous idea, in comparison with the noble rosales of the gardens as it supposes Sallent ("Flora of Catalunya", II, pág. 301).

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