MARINE THISTLE (silybum marianum)

	M
	MARINE THISTLE
	*silybum marianum*

Name
MARINE THISTLE

Scientific Name
silybum marianum

MARINE THISTLE

English: Thistle; Saint Mary's thistle.

French: Chardon Marie.

It elevates the sanguineous pressure. Against the asthmatic crises and those of the fevers of the hay. Jaquecas.

Used Part

The dry fruits (aquenios).

Active Principles

Silimarina (1,5-3%): mixture of flavolignanos (silibina, silidianina, silicristina), in addition to other flavonoides: kenferol, taxifolina, apigenósido. Oil, with a high proportion of linoléico acid (60%), oléico and palmítico; tocoferol, estigmasterol, campestrol, sitosterol. Tiramina; proteins (20-34%); mucílagos.

Farmacológica Action

Appetizer, colagogo, hepatoprotector, (mainly preventive effect), digestive, hemostatic, Venotónico, diurético, antipyretic, to antirradicalar.

Indications

Acute and chronic insufficiency to hepatobiliar, hepatitis, hepatobiliares cirrhosis, disquinesias. Lack of appetite, dispepsias hyposecretory. Hemorrhages: hematuria, epistaxis, metrorragias; influenza, colds, cystitis, urolitiasis, oliguria.

Contraindications

Arterial hypertension, treatments with IMAO (to see precautions). Not to prescribe forms of metering with alcoholic content to smaller children of two years nor to consultantes in process of etílica deshabituación.

Indirect effect

The fresh plant can cause contact dermatitis.

Precaution/Poisonings

By its content in tiramina it can trigger hypertensive crises in patients who are following an antidepressing treatment with IMAO.

To consider the alcoholic content of the fluid extract and the dye.

Galénicas Forms/Dosage

- Infusion: a spoonful of dessert by cup. To instill during 10 minutes. A cup before the meals.

- fluid Extract (1:1): 25-50 drops, one to three times to the day. In cases of chronic hepatitis very good results have been described when associating it, to equal parts, with extract of Ribes nigrum.

- It tinctures (1:10): 50-100 drops, one to three times to the day, between meals.

- dry Extract (5:1): 0,5 to 1 g/día.

Bibliography

Bézanger-Beauquesne, L; Pinkas, M; Torck, M. You plant dans to Them the Therapeutique Moderne. 2ª. Paris: Maloine, 1986, pp. 392-3.

Bézanger-Beauquesne, L; Pinkas, M; Torck, M; Trotin, F. Plantes Médicinales DES Regions Tempérées. Paris: Maloine, 1980, pp. 416-7.

James, A; Duke, Ph D. Handbook of Medicinal Herbs. 5ª. Mouth Mouse, Florida: CRC Press, 1987, pp.170-1.

Farnworsth, NR. Relative Inocuidad of the remedies with plants. Natura Medicatrix, 1995; 37-78: 30-35.

Fernandez, M; Grandson, To Plantas Medicinal. Pamplona: Editions University of Navarre, 1982, p. 162.

Mulet, L. toxic Flora of the Valencian Community. Castellón: Provincial delegation, 1997, p. 492.

Paris, RR; Moyse, M. Précis de Matière Médicale. Take III. Paris: Masson, 1971, p. 450.

Peris, JB; Stübing, G; Vanaclocha, B. Applied Fitoterapia. Valencia: M.I. Official school of Phamacists, 1995, pp. 196-7.

Peris, JB; Stübing, G; Figuerola, R. Gui'a of Plantas Medicinal of the Valencian Community. Valencia: The Provinces, 1996, p. 127.

Samuelsson, G. Drugs of Natural Origin. To Textbook of Pharmacognosy. Stockholm: Swedish Pharmaceutical Press, 1992, p. 123.

Trease, GE; Evans, WCh. Farmacognosia. Mexico D.F.: Inter-American -- MacGraw-Hill, 1991, p. 450.

Hellemont, J. Compendium de Phytotherapie go. Bruxelles: Association Pharmaceutique Belge, 1986, pp. 80-1.

Wichtl, M. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceutical. To for Handbook Practice on to Scientific basis. Stuttgart: Medpharm Scientific Publishers, 1994, pp. 121-5.

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