TOXOPLAMOSIS

	T
	TOXOPLAMOSIS
	*TOXOPLAMOSIS*

TOXOPLAMOSIS

Toxoplamosis

The infection produced in the man by the parasite Toxoplasma Gondii.

The parasite can practically infect to any mammal and bird, but natural his huesped is the felines.

In the people with the defenses in good state it produces an infection little or nothing pretends, persisting after by life.

Most of the population another one becomes infected in a while or, getting to give positive in the analyses of blood until more of 90 % of the people between 50 and 60 years.

In the inmunosuprimidas people, or the fetus, it even produces serious injuries and the death.

Diagnosis and treatment

The diagnosis normally takes place, in the inmunocompetentes people, by means of sanguineous analyses of routine, like which they are made the pregnant women (if dá positive at the beginning of the pregnancy, probably the infection is antigüa and the fetus is out of danger).

In the patients inmunodeprimidos, before any sign of cerebral infection, the analytical tests will be made pertinent.

Sometimes it will be necessary to go to tests of diagnosis by the image (T.A.C., R.M.N.) in order to discard another affection in these patients.

The affectation of new born, and the cases in that it affects at sight in adults, is made by means of the study of the interior of its eye by means of funduscopia and analysis of blood.

Treatment

The toxoplasmosis in normal circumstances does not need treatment (except for the caused one by laboratory accidents, that usually are more serious).

The congenital toxoplasmosis either (the damage takes place during the pregnancy).

In the inmunocomprometidos patients, the antiparasitic treatment will begin in the hospital, by parenteral route (serum).

General measures

After the hospitable discharge it will need to continue taking the medication by oral route during long time. Scrupulously follow the indications of its doctor on the matter.

Medication

The doctor will prescribe to him, in the hospital, antiparasitic medicines, that will continue taking later in house.

Also it can prescribe corticoids to reduce the cerebral inflammation to him.

Activity

Without discharge restrictions once given.

Diet

Any diet in special is not precise after contracting the disease. On its influence in the transmission, it see Prevention. Warn its doctor if:

The prescribed medicines to fight the disease have great number of indirect effect; communicate to his doctor any symptom or new sign that it notices.

Prevention

The infection in inmunocompetentes people very is extended and, while they continue with the suitable defenses, little important. The infection of a pregnant woman is for the first time the one that must be prepared at all costs, by means of:

Extreme hygiene, washing the hands always before ingesting foods.

To avoid the meats little cooked and inlays (the infested meats more are those of pig, followed of the ovine. The meats of bovine usually are little infected. There are no data on volatinería).

To avoid the contact with the sites where there are cats, like with its drawers of excrements.

Factors of risk

The felines are huesped natural of the parasite, being able to excrete with lees up to 100 million daily cysts, but I infect is made by oral route.

The meats badly cooked or little cured are the main source of infection in pregnant women.

Probably the lack of hygiene produces most of the infections in other groups, from the ground to the mouth through the hands.

The infection could be transmitted through sanguineous products (transfusions) in inmunocomprometidos patients.

Causes

The infection by the Toxoplasma Gondii, vitas parasite of complex cycle.

Signs and symptoms

We can distinguish the following possibilities:

Inmunocompetentes adults:

The infection usually happens unnoticed, at the most can cause the painless swelling of the gánglios of the neck.

Inmunodeficientes adults (by anticancerous treatments or for transplants; AIDS):

As much if it is an original infection, or the reactivation of a chronic disease, produces symptoms of:

Diffuse cerebral infection (encefalitis):

Alterations of the conscience,

Headache,

Convulsions,

Fever,

Focal symptoms (déficits motor and sensorial very variable).

Ocular infection (coriorretinitis), that produces patched defects of the vision.

Also it can affect other organs intensely, but less frequent and.

It can get to cause the death of the patient.

Fetuses (during the initial infection of the mother):

Cerebral defects:

Hidrocefalia,

Microcefalia,

Convulsions,

Psicomotor retardation.

Ocular defects:

Partial or total loss of the vision in one or both eyes.

It can cause the intrauterine death of the fetus.

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