Crack at the end of the spine that has not finished being united during its development before the childbirth.
There are three types:
Hidden bifid thorn, is the opening in the later arc of one or more vertebrae of the column, without apparent damage on the spinal marrow.
Meningocele: meninges or cover that protects medula, has left through the openings the vertebrae, forming a called coat meningocele.
Mielomeningocele: The most severe form of bifid thorn, in which a spinal portion of medula excels through the crack. The diagnosis is made more ahead postchildbirth in the neonatológica exploration or, when it appears the incontinencia or the lack of mobility of extremities.
TREATMENT:
The treatment is surgical in its case, although sometimes difficult to make by the complexity of the injuries.
Hidrocefalia has surgical operation by means of a shunt procedure (derivation of the liquid produced in excess towards the abdominal cavity, where reabsorbe).
Complications
The derived ones from hidrocefalia and the opportunistic diseases.
Infections and inflammations of the marrow.
Meningitis bacterial and viral.
Factors of risk
Lack of vitamins during the pregnancy (fólico Acido).
Familiar component.
Prevention
Vitaminic Suplementación during the pregnancy.
Signs and symptoms
The hidden bifid thorn, that affects a 30% of the western population, is asintomática.
One of each thousand children suffers meningocele (4% of them) or mielomeningocele (96% rest). The effects of this one alteration are:
Muscular weakness.
Paralysis of the zones below the crack.
Urinary and/or fecal Incontinencia.
Hidrocefalia by accumulation abnormal of liquid spinal (the liquid that bathes the brain and the marrow), which compresses these structures.
Causes
They must to a defect in the closing of the neural tube, during the embryonic development.
Most of these defects is attributed to a fólico acid deficit during the pregnancy.