EPISTAXIS

	E
	EPISTAXIS
	*EPISTAXIS*

EPISTAXIS

Epistaxis

Nasal hemorrhages.

Blood vessels of the nose (arteries and veins). It happens near the nasal windows or inside the nose.

All the ages, the double in the children.

Causes

Hurt in the nose or nasal polyps, even a simple scratch when hurgar itself the nose.

Nasal infection or of the sines.

A strange body in the nose.

Scarlet fever, malaria or tifoidea fever.

Dryness of mucous membranes for whatever reason, like the lack of humidity.

Ateroesclerosis, high arterial tension.

Tendencies to bleed associate with aplástica anemia, leukemia, trombocitopenia or hepática disease.

Signs and symptoms

Exit of blood by the nasal orifices.

If the hemorrhage begins near the fins, the blood is of a red brilliant.

If it comes from more inside, the blood can be shining or dark.

I navigate by the loss of blood or the impression.

Tachycardia, jadeos and pallor (only after an abundant hemorrhage).

Black lees by the swallowed blood.

symptoms

Hurt in the nose or nasal polyps, even a simple scratch when hurgar itself the nose.

Nasal infection or of the sines.

A strange body in the nose.

Scarlet fever, malaria or tifoidea fever.

Dryness of mucous membranes for whatever reason, like the lack of humidity.

Ateroesclerosis, high arterial tension.

Tendencies to bleed associate with aplástica anemia, leukemia, trombocitopenia or hepática disease.

Factors of risk

Any affection exposed in Causes.

Disease of Hodgkin, escorbuto, rheumatic fever.

Affections of the blood, including leukemia and hemofilia.

Medicine use certain, like anticoagulants, aspirin or prolonged use of drops nasales.v Exhibition to irritating chemical agents.

Dry altitude or climates.

Prevention

Within the possible one, it avoids the wounds.

Look for medical treatment for any underlying cause.

Dampen the air if it lives in a dry climate or to great altitude.

Avoid to hurgar the nose or to blow one's nose with force.

If the hemorrhages are frequent, it does not take aspirin.

Diagnosis and treatment

DIAGNOSIS:

Its own observation of the symptoms.

Medical file and physical examination by a doctor.

Analysis of blood.

TREATMENT:

Car well-taken care of.

Medical treatment or treatment in well-taken care of urgencies if his first car is not successful.

A gauze cork can be introduced to absorb the blood, to stop the hemorrhage and to press the broken glasses.

When the hemorrhages are repeated, the cauterization can be necessary.

Surgery (only in serious cases) to close the interested arteries.

General Measures

Siéntese and inclines the head towards ahead.

Apriétese the nose with the fingers during 5 minutes followed. While, it breathes by the mouth.

If it lets bleed but it returns to begin, hágalo again, but apriétese strong both sides of the nose during 8 to 10 minutes. When tightening itself the nose with force, will help to that the blood coagulates and seals the affected blood vessels.

At the same time, it can be applied compresas you cold.

One does not blow one's nose during 12 hours after the hemorrhage, to avoid that the clot moves.

It does not swallow blood. It can affect its stomach or cause arches to him.

It does not speak (it will avoid the arches to him).

Medication

His doctor him can prescribe medicines to treat any underlying serious affection.

Activity

Return to its normal activity as soon as they improve the symptoms.

Diet

There is no special diet.

Warn its doctor if...

It bleeds the nose to him and it cannot above stop the hemorrhage with the described methods of well-taken care of car.

After the hemorrhage it has nauseas or it vomits.

The fever raises to him more 38,3º or.

Complications

If the hemorrhage is very abundant, can be necessary a transfusion.

Prognosis

The symptoms can be controlled by means of treatment.

The severe hemorrhages force the hospitalization and usually have origin in causes like hepáticas affections, of the blood or hypertension.

In these cases, the underlying cause also must be treated.

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