ENFISEMA

	E
	ENFISEMA
	*ENFISEMA*

ENFISEMA

Enfisema

It is a chronic disease of the respiratory apparatus.

It is characterized by the abnormal widening of the alveolos - or coats where the air is stored and it is accompanied by destruction of its walls, with result of loss of the elasticity of the lung and formation of "rackets" or full air coats (but useless for the breathing).

It affects to the adults as of the 35 years and more men than to women.

Causes

The basic cause is not known but elements exist that, at least, make worse it:

The tobacco

The aerial pollution

Respiratory infections

Allergies

Familiar history of enfisema

Hereditary factors

Certain works like the one of the blown mining or of glass

Signs and symptoms

Very little in the first stages.

The most worrisome symptom is the progressive lack of air (Disnea).

Recurrent infections.

Cough.

Loss of weight.

Factors of risk

Tabaquismo.

Works of Mining.

Blown of glass.

Wind musicians.

Repeated pulmonary infections.

Prevention

Not to smoke.

To avoid sites with contaminated air.

Moderate exercise outdoors.

To prevent influenzas and colds, by means of vaccination.

To avoid to the people with respiratory infections.

To deal with antibiotics the pulmonary infections.

To use suitable means of collective protection and individual in the works with this risk.

Diagnosis and treatment

DIAGNOSIS:

For their diagnosis blood analyses are used, pulmonary x-ray of thorax and respiratory tests like the espirometría or the corporal pletismografía.

TREATMENT:

The treatment goes a:

to improve the symptoms

to reduce the progression of the disease

to prevent the complications

The rare transplant time is indicated.

General Measures

To elevate the height of the head of the bed to avoid the deposit of mucosities in tracto respiratory.

Respiratory Fisioterapia (exercises to expel the secrecciones).

To avoid the contamination.

To dampen the atmosphere.

Medication

Antibiotics.

Broncodilatadores.

Inhaled corticoids.

Immunization against influenza and colds.

Oxygen is necessary in the final stages.

Activity

All the exercise must be made that allows the situation.

Diet

To take many liquids.

Complications

Pulmonary infections.

Obstructiva chronic disease of the lung (to see EPOC).

Collapse and pulmonary failure.

Congestivo cardiac failure ("Cor Pulmonale").

Prognosis

Incurable.

The control of the symptoms can allow that long time is lived.

Without treatment, the complications are fatal and to very short term.

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